“…In learning biology, teachers have also begun to utilize various ICT-based learning media, such as video, PowerPoint, interactive multimedia, virtual reality, and augmented reality, to use the internet and big data. ICT-based learning media helps teachers achieve predetermined learning objectives (Rahmadana, Gani, & Ismail, 2018;Bahar, Syamsiah, & Bahri, 2018). ICT-based learning media also makes it easier for teachers to present learning in a more varied, engaging, and interactive manner (Fahman & Sibuea, 2015;Oktavia, 2020).…”