Penggunaan Bitcoin Sebagai Alat Pembayaran Zakat Menurut Perspektif Hukum Islam

Abstract

Zakat payments are increasingly developing in the current digital era, the Shackwell Lane Mosque in Hackney, London, England accepts zakat payments in other forms other than cash which is of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. Related to the halal controversy and the prohibition of the use of bitcoin digital currency in Islamic law, Zayd al-Khair as a religious adviser at the mosque said, if Islamic scholars have argued and supported the use of cryptocurrencies. The purpose of this study is to find out and understand the use of bitcoin as a purpose of payment of zakat that is legal and accordance with Islamic law or not, in the sense that nothing deviates from the principles of Islamic law. The research method used is normative juridical. Bitcoin can be said to be haram because it contains the element of gharar and cannot be used as zakat payment. This is reinforced by the MUI fatwa No. 13 of 2011 about the law of zakat on haram assets which emphasizes that haram assets cannot be the compulsory object of zakat. AbstrakPembayaran zakat semakin berkembang di era digital saat ini, Masjid Shackwell Lane di Hackney, London, Inggris menerima pembayaran zakat dalam bentuk lain di luar uang tunai yaitu berupa mata uang kripto seperti Bitcoin. Terkait dengan kontroversi halal dan haramnya penggunaan mata uang digital bitcoin dalam hukum Islam, Zayd al-Khair sebagai penasihat agama di masjid mengatakan, jika para cendekiawan Islam telah berdebat dan mendukung penggunaan mata uang kripto. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui dan memahami penggunaan bitcoin sebagai alat pem­baya­ran zakat yang sah dan sesuai dengan hukum Islam atau tidak, dalam arti tidak ada hal-hal yang menyimpang dari prinsip hukum Islam itu sendiri. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu tipe penelitian yuridis norma­tif. Bitcoin dapat dikatakan haram karena mengandung unsur gharar dan tidak dapat digunakan sebagai pembayaran zakat. Ini diperkuat dengan Fatwa MUI No 13 Tahun 2011 tentang Hukum Zakat atas Harta Haram yang menegaskan bahwa harta haram tidak bisa menjadi objek wajib zakat.

Cryptocurrency in Islamic Law

“…According to (Tektona & Safilia, 2020), applying Islamic law in cryptocurrency is gharar or uncertainty and haram. The illustration is al-ashl (buying a cat in a sack), furu' (selling goods in the form of shadows and expectations), 'illat (unclear quality and quantity of goods).…”

Can Bitcoin be used for Zakat Payment?

“…This study is an exploration of zakat institutions and their acceptance of Bitcoin as a means of receiving zakat. While previous research (Yaakob et al, 2019;Muhammad Amir Husairi and Ahmad Dahlan, 2019;Tektona and Safilia, 2020;Salleh et al, 2019;Beik et al, 2019) has primarily focused on the general permissibility of bitcoin in Islam, this study delves into the practical implications of zakat institutions incorporating bitcoin into their collection strategies, offering valuable insights into the practical implementation of this emerging technology in the context of Islamic financial practices. Unfortunately, it is difficult to find studies that discuss how bitcoin is accepted as a means of paying zakat.…”