Pengembangan Model Self-Esteem Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru: Studi Kualitatif

Abstract

Penderita tuberkulosis paru (TB paru) sering menghadapi stigma sosial, seperti diasingkan oleh keluarga dan masyarakat yang memperburuk kondisi psikologis mereka. Self-esteem atau harga diri sangat penting dalam konteks kesehatan mental dan kualitas hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model self-esteem yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien TB paru. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Informan penelitian berjumlah 16 orang, terdiri dari satu orang pengelola TB Puskesmas, lima orang perawat fasilitator, lima orang penderita TB (yang sedang menjalani pengobatan, suspek, dan mantan penderita), dan lima orang keluarga penderita. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam, focus group discussion (FGD), dan telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian menemukan fenomena minimnya pengetahuan dan kemampuan perawat terhadap pelayanan konseling dengan peer group secara komprehensif. Belum kuatnya konsep program model pelayanan TB yang menekankan pada semua aspek baik fisik maupun psikologis penderita TB. Perumusan model self-esteem sebagai upaya peningkatan kapasistas perawat untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien TB. Penelitian ini menghasilkan rancangan modul self-esteem untuk meningkatkan kemampuan perawat dalam pelayanan TB melalui peer group. Pulmonary tuberculosis (pulmonary TB) patients often face social stigma, such as being ostracized by their families and communities, which worsens their psychological condition. Self-esteem is crucial in the context of mental health and quality of life. This study aims to develop a self-esteem model that can improve the quality of life of pulmonary TB patients. This research uses a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach. The informants in this study totaled 16 people, consisting of one TB program manager from a public health center, five nurse facilitators, five TB patients (undergoing treatment, suspects, and former patients), and five family members of TB patients. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), and document reviews. The results revealed limited knowledge and ability among nurses to provide comprehensive counseling services through peer groups. The concept of a TB service model program that emphasizes all aspects, both physical and psychological, of TB patients was found to be weak. The formulation of a self-esteem model aims to enhance nurses' capacity to improve TB patients' quality of life. This research produced a self-esteem module to enhance nurses' capabilities in TB services through peer groups.