Pengaruh Temperatur dan Waktu Etching Terhadap Karakeristik Fisik dan Mekanik Pelapisan Nikel pada Plastik ABS dengan Metode Elektrolessplating

Abstract

ABS Plastic (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Stiren) is one type of plastic that is often used because of the many properties that are beneficial to humans. ABS plastic is widely used in engineering, for example in the electronics and automotive fields. But there are still disadvantages of ABS plastic, including low hardness, no friction resistance, and no heat resistance, so surface treatment is needed. Electrolessplating is a coating process that does not use electricity in the coating process. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature and time variation of nickel electrolessplating etching on roughness, wear, hardness, and thickness. The variation in etching temperature is 30; 40; 50; 60; and 70oC and the etching time is 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 minutes followed by electrolesplating using nickel for 10 minutes. The tests carried out were surface roughness test, disk on block method wear test, hardness using Shore Durometer tool, and layer thickness using micro photos and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the etching process from electrolyplating affected the specimen surface to be coated with nickel metal. The longer the etching time causes the surface to become coarser from 0.435 μm at 15 minutes to 0.949 μm in 35 minutes. The temperature addition of the etching process will increase the surface surface to a temperature of 50oC at 0.499 μm and then drop. Increasing etching time from 15 minutes to 35 minutes will reduce specific wear, from 1.268 x 10-4 mm2 / kg to 0.465 x 10-4 mm2 / kg. Likewise, the etching temperature from 30oC to 70oC decreases the specific wear from 2.10 x 10-4 mm2 / kg to 0.255 x 10-4 mm2 / kg. The addition of etching and temperature etching time does not significantly increase the hardness value of electrolessplating results. Hardness of raw material is 83.5 shore D after coating the hardness value to 84.7 shore D. The electrolessplating process for 10 minutes produces a layer thickness of 1 μm to 2 μm.

Pengaruh Temperatur dan Arus Listrik Proses Pelapisan Krom Pada Plastik ABS Dengan Metode Elektroplating

“…Tahap etsa merupakan tahap yang paling penting untuk pembentukan pori-pori agar meningkatkan daya lekat lapisan serta menghasilkan permukaan yang tidak bersifat konduktif menjadi bersifat konduktif atau disebut dengan tahapan metalisasi (aktivasi palladium), sehingga logam pelapis dapat berikatan dengan baik pada plastik ABS. [3] Kuat arus listrik pada proses elektroplating mempengaruhi massa lapisan dan ketebalan lapisan yang terbentuk. Ketebalan lapisan terbesar diperoleh pada saat menggunakan arus listrik 8 A selama 60 menit sebesar 0,109 mm, sedangkan penggunaan arus listrik 4 A selama 30 menit menghasilkan ketebalan lapisan sebesar 0,026 mm.…”

“…[5] Semakin bertambahnya temperatur cairan proses elektroplating nikel krom pada baja karbon rendah ST40, maka ketebalan dan kekerasan akan semakin meningkat. Pelapisan nikel-krom meningkatkan nilai kekerasan dari 254, 3 C menghasilkan endapan yang optimum. Hal ini disebabkan oleh konduktivitas arus listrik untuk mobilitas ion-ion krom menuju katoda.…”