Pengaruh Pemurnian Terhadap Kualitas dan Kandungan Skualen Minyak Biji Kemangi Hutan (Ocimum gratissimum L.)

Abstract

<p><strong>ABSTRAK.</strong> <em>Ocimum gratissimum</em> L. atau kemangi hutan merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman yang banyak dimanfaatkan dalam bidang pengobatan tradisional. Biji dari tanaman kemangi hutan diduga mengandung senyawa aktif antioksidan berupa skualena yang banyak digunakan dalam industri farmasi. Sumber utama senyawa skualena adalah minyak hati ikan hiu, kenyataan ini memperkuat alasan perburuan ikan hiu semakin marak. Skualen nabati yang bisa ditemukan pada beberapa jenis tumbuhan menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk mengurangi penggunaan skualena dari minyak hati ikan hiu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan hasil rendemen, sifat fisiko-kimia serta menganalisa komponen penyusun minyak biji kemangi hutan dengan metode <em>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry</em> (GC-MS). Tahapan penelitian meliputi ekstraksi minyak biji kemangi hutan menggunakan alat soxhlet dengan pelarut heksana dilanjutkan dengan proses pemurnian yang meliputi <em>degumming</em> dan netralisasi. Tahap terakhir berupa analisa GCMS minyak hasil ekstraksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen minyak biji kemangi hutan setelah pemurnian diperoleh sebesar 5,106 ± 0,10%, berwarna kuning pucat berbau khas kemangi hutan, kadar air minyak 0,06%; massa jenis minyak 0,84 g/ml; bilangan asam 0,416 ± 0 mg KOH/g minyak; bilangan peroksida 0,028 ± 0 meq O<sub>2</sub>/g minyak; dan bilangan penyabunan 219,648 ± 2,608 mg KOH/g. Sifat fisikokimia tersebut telah memenuhi kriteria SNI. Hasil analisis GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa minyak biji kemangi hutan didominasi oleh empat komponen utama yaitu skualena (58,85%), asam propanedioat (16,69%), asam palmitat (14,91%), dan metil heksanoat (9,55%). Pemurnian minyak biji kemangi hutan meningkatkan kandungan skualena dari 1,07% menjadi 58,85%. </p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">ABSTRACT. </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">The Effect of Purification on The Quality and Content of Forest Basil Seed Oil (<em>Ocimum gratissimum</em> L.). </span></span></strong><span class="hps"><em><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="IN">O. gratissimum</span></em><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="IN"> L. or </span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">f</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="IN">orest </span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">b</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="IN">asil is a plant that is widely used in traditional medicine. Forest basil’ seeds suspected contain active antioxidant compounds that have the shape of squalene, and it is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. The main source of the squalene compound is shark liver oil; this fact reinforces the reason for shark hunting increasingly widespread. Plant Squalene, which can be found in many plant species, is one of an alternative to reduce the use of squalene from shark liver oil. The aims of this work are to determine the yield, physicochemical properties and to analyze the components of forest basil’seed oil using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The stages of this work included extraction of forest basil seeds using Soxhlet extractor in hexane solvent, followed by a refining process includes degumming and neutralization. The final step is analyzed forest’ basil seed oil obtained using GC-MS. The results showed that the yield of forest basil seed oil obtained in the amount of </span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">5.106 ± 0.10 %</span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="IN">, a pale yellow color, with a specific aroma of basil forests, the water content of 0.06% oil; oil density 0.84 g / ml; an acid number of 0.416 ± 0 mg KOH / g of oil; peroxide number of 0.028 ± 0 meq O<sub>2</sub> / g of oil; and a saponification number of 219.648 ± 2.608 mg KOH / g of oil. The physicochemical properties have fulfilled SNI criteria. GC-MS analysis resulted that forest basil’ seeds oil are dominated by four main components, namely squalene (58.85%), propanedioic acid (16.69%), palmitic acid (14.91%), and methyl hexanoate (9.55%). Purification forest basil seed oil increases squalene of 1.07% to 58.85%.</span></span></p><table class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 100.0%; border-collapse: collapse; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; height: 166.1pt;"><td style="width: 82.42%; border: none; border-bottom: solid gray 2.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 166.1pt;" valign="top" width="82%"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; tab-stops: 63.8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><strong><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;" lang="IN">ABSTRACT. </span></strong><span class="hps"><strong><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN;" lang="IN">The Effect of Purification on The Quality and Content of Forest Basil Seed Oil (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ocimum gratissimum</em> L.). </span></strong></span><span class="hps"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="IN">O. gratissimum</span></em></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="IN"> L. or </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">f</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="IN">orest </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">b</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="IN">asil is a plant that is widely used in traditional medicine. Forest basil’ seeds suspected contain active antioxidant compounds that have the shape of squalene, and it is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. The main source of the squalene compound is shark liver oil; this fact reinforces the reason for shark hunting increasingly widespread. Plant Squalene, which can be found in many plant species, is one of an alternative to reduce the use of squalene from shark liver oil. The aims of this work are to determine the yield, physicochemical properties and to analyze the components of forest basil’seed oil using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The stages of this work included extraction of forest basil seeds using Soxhlet extractor in hexane solvent, followed by a refining process includes degumming and neutralization. The final step is analyzed forest’ basil seed oil obtained using GC-MS. The results showed that the yield of forest basil seed oil obtained in the amount of </span></span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;" lang="IN">5.106 ± 0.10 %</span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="IN">, a pale yellow color, with a specific aroma of basil forests, the water content of 0.06% oil; oil density 0.84 g / ml; an acid number of 0.416 ± 0 mg KOH / g of oil; peroxide number of 0.028 ± 0 meq O<sub>2</sub> / g of oil; and a saponification number of 219.648 ± 2.608 mg KOH / g of oil. The physicochemical properties have fulfilled SNI criteria. GC-MS analysis resulted that forest basil’ seeds oil are dominated by four main components, namely squalene (58.85%), propanedioic acid (16.69%), palmitic acid (14.91%), and methyl hexanoate (9.55%). Purification forest basil seed oil increases squalene of 1.07% to 58.85%.</span></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table>