Pengaruh Pemakaian Kelambu, Kawat Kasa dan Kondisi Geodemografis Terhadap Kejadian Malaria di Kabupaten Batu Bara

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Malaria merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang menjadi masalah global. Malaria sering menimbulkan kejadian luar biasa dan berakibat pada penurunan kualitas hidup, ekonomi serta mengakibatkan kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan penggunaan kelambu dan kawat kasa dengan kejadian malaria serta analisis spasial di Kabupaten Batu BaraMetode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan disain matched case control terhadap umur dan jenis kelamin dan analisis spasial. Lokasi penelitian di Kabupaten Batu Bara pada tahun 2018. Sampel berjumlah 136 orang (68 kasus dan 68 kontrol). Sampel kasus adalah penduduk berumur diatas 15 tahun dan positif malaria. Sampel kontrol adalah tetangga kasus dengan gejala demam tetapi hasil pemeriksaan darah negatif malaria.Teknik pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data termasuk data individu dan aggregat. Analisis data menggunakan Epi Info 3.5.4, aggregate analysis menggunakan SatScan v9.8 and Geoda 1.12.0.Hasil: Ada hubungan bermakna antara pemakaian kelambu (OR 2,8) dan kawat kasa (OR 2,5) dengan kejadian malaria. Berdasarkan analisis purely spasial dengan menggunakan software satscan terdapat dua cluster. Cluster 1 terdiri dari 5 kasus dengan nilai RR = 4,41 dan cluster 2 terdiri dari 8 kasus dengan nilai RR = 0,51 Simpulan: Ada hubungan pemakaian kelambu dan penggunaan kawat kasa dengan kejadian malaria di Kabupaten Batu Bara. ABSTRACTTitle: The Effect of The Use of Mosquito Nets, Wire Netsand Geodemographic Conditions on The Incidence of Malaria in Batu Bara District.Background: Malaria is an infectious disease that is a global problem. Malaria often results in Extraordinary Events and results in a decrease in quality of life, economy, and death. This study aims to study the association between the use of mosquito nets and wire nets with the incidence of malaria and a spatial analysis in Batu Bara District.Method: This research is an analytic observational with matched case-control design according to age and sex and spatial analysis. This research was conducted in Batu Bara District in 2018. Samples were 136 people (68 cases and 68 controls). Case samples were residents aged more than 15 years who were positive for malaria. Control samples were residents who lived close to the case home with symptoms of fever but the results of the blood test showed negative malaria. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation and interview using a questionnaire, Determination of coordinates using GPS MAP 64S Garmin GPS. The analysis includes individual and aggregate analysis, data analysis using Epi Info 3.5.4, aggregate analysis using SatScan v9.8 and Geoda 1.12.0.Result: There was a significant association between the use of mosquito nets (OR 2.8) and wire nets (OR 2.5) with the incidence of malaria. Based on purely spatial analysis using satscan software, two clusters are formed. Cluster 1 consists of 5 cases with RR = 4.41 and cluster 2 consists of 8 cases with RR = 0.51.Conclusion: There was significant association between the use of mosquito nets and wire nets with the incidence of malaria in Batu Bara District.

Analysis of Environmental Risk Factors on Malaria Incidence in Fakfak Regency, West Papua

“…The results showed that the habit of using mosquito nets with a p-value of 0.101 was not proven to cause malaria. This study is not in line with the research of Rahayu Lubis, which proves that people who do not sleep using mosquito nets are at risk of malaria 2.8 times compared to those who sleep with mosquito nets (Lubis et al, 2021).…”

Hubungan Keberadaan Kandang Hewan Ternak dan Penggunaan Kelambu terhadap Kejadian Malaria di Indonesia: Meta Analisis 2013 - 2022

“…Kelambu dan Kejadian Malaria di Indonesia [7,8,10,11,13,14,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Pada Forest Plot diketahui hasil random effect model mewakili perkiraan Odds Ratio (OR) sebesar 95% CI dengan hasil 0,58 dan rentang -0,212 -1,370. Hasil Forest plot ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai OR yang ditemukan adalah (e 0.58 ) adalah 1,786.…”

“…Artinya terdapat hubungan antara perilaku pemakaian kelambu dan Kejadian malaria. Orang yang tidur tidak menggunakan kelambu di daerah tyang terdapat penularan malaria berisiko 2,8 kali lebih besar tertular dibandingkan dengan orang yang tidur dengan menggunakan kelambu [24] . Penelitian serupa juga dilakukan Rangkuti dan didapatkan hasil p=0,000 dan OR 3,8.…”

Acceptance and Utilization of Long-Lasting Insecticide-Treated Nets (LLINs) by the Community of Mamboro Sub-district and Katiku Tana Sub-district, Central Sumba Regency, East Nusa Tenggara

“…26 Widiastuti and Lesmana in Kulon Progo Yogyakarta province reported the contrast that knowledge was not related to adherence to using LLINs this was because even though the community had gained knowledge through counseling, and media information, there were still many other factors beyond knowledge to comply with using LLINs such as attitudes and perceptions of people who have a sense of belonging discomfort and feeling of heat while inside LLINs. 27 Previous studies have explained that the highest risk factor influencing the incidence of malaria is the use of LLINs (p=0.001, OR=12.98), 28 (OR=2.8), 29 which means that the risk of malaria is more significant in people who do not install LLINs compared to people who install LLINs while sleeping. Other risk factors that were also reported were the type of wall of the house, individual activities to go out at night, use of wire netting, and trust with the behavior of using LLINs.…”

“…Other risk factors that were also reported were the type of wall of the house, individual activities to go out at night, use of wire netting, and trust with the behavior of using LLINs. [28][29][30][31] Simanjorang and Kodim 32 in Manalu Sangihe islands, North Sulawesi province, found that most respondents (98%) had good knowledge of LLINs and adhered to using LLINs at night (83.1%), around 96.1% installed LLINs correctly, around 85.7% of respondents maintained and washed LLINs, and about 93.9% were exposed to direct sunlight. Currently, the LLINs owned by the community are mosquito nets with insecticide LLINs (96.8%) and ordinary mosquito nets (3.2%).…”