“…One topic that is closely related to students' daily lives is the topic of the human excretory system. This topic contains excretory organs in the body and their functions that are difficult to study (Elci et al, 2021;Pada et al, 2021;Tegine & Rungkat, 2022). The excretory system learns about the disposal of metabolic waste products through toxic compounds such as CO2, H2O, sweat, urine, bile, and feces (Djamahar et al, 2020).…”