Pengaruh Konsumsi Energi Dan Pajak Dengan Mediasi Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Terhadap Polusi Di 9 Negara Asean

Abstract

Global warming and climate change over the past ten years caused by greenhouse gas emissions are serious problems faced by countries in both developed and developing countries, not least in countries in ASEAN. The relationship of energy consumption, the application of tax burdens, economic growth and its effect on pollution levels are important to be investigated further. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of energy consumption and taxes by mediating economic growth on pollution in nine ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Malaysia, philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam). This study used time series data from 2004 - 2020 with analytical methods using the PLS-SEM approach and SmartPLS version 3.0 as data analysis tools. The results of the study showed that energy consumption has a positive effect on economic growth and pollution, taxes have a positive effect on economic growth and negatively affect pollution and economic growth has a positive effect on pollution, in addition, economic growth can mediate the relationship between energy consumption and pollution and the relationship between taxes and pollution

Assessment of the Influence of Instrument Parameters on the Detection Accuracy of Greenhouse-Gases Absorption Spectrometer-2 (GAS-2)

“…In spectral measurements, significant errors in the Instrument Line Shape (ILS) can lead to inaccuracies in the retrieved GHG concentration, as indicated by Equation (2). Improving the accuracy of the instrument's ILS parameters can enhance the inversion accuracy.…”

“…The continuing growth of the global economy and society has resulted in an alarming increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the Earth's atmosphere [1]. According to the World Meteorological Organization, the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) had reached 413.2 parts per million (ppm) by 2020 [2], while methane (CH 4 ) had reached 1889 parts per billion (ppb). This escalating trend amplifies the likelihood of climate extremes, such as soaring temperatures, intense precipitation, melting ice caps, rising sea levels, and acidification of the oceans, thereby imposing profound economic and societal consequences [3].…”