Pengaruh Karakteristik UKM pada Kapabilitas Inovasi dan Kinerja Inovasi UKM (Studi Kasus pada Sentra IKM Alas Kaki Jawa Timur)

Abstract

<p>Footwear industries get the priority in East Java Province because of their big contribution to the economy and labor absorption. In order to survive and to achieve the competitive advantage they need to do innovation. The innovation capabilities can be measured through Technological Innovation Capabilities (TIC), while the innovation performance can be assessed with Technological Innovation Performance (TIP). This research was conducted to identify SMEs characteristics (scale, age, and product type) and to analyze whether there were different impacts of those characteristics on TIC and TIP. Data collection was completed through questionnaire distribution to 192 footwear SMEs in three footwear center in East Java (Surabaya, Sidoarjo, and Mojokerto). The grand mean of each dimension of TIC and TIP was obtained by calculating the results of questionnaire which used Likert scale. The grand mean can be as a description of TIC and TIP level in those three areas. For TIC, the majority footwear SMEs were on the medium and high level. The highest level of TIC was achieved by footwear SMEs in Mojokerto (4.09), Surabaya got a medium (3.18), and Sidoarjo obtained the lowest (2.81). For TIP, the majority of footwear SMEs had the medium and low level. Footwear SMEs in Sidoarjo held the highest level (3.05), then the footwear SMEs in Mojokerto (2.86), and the lowest is footwear SMEs in Surabaya (2.05). Based on the MANOVA analysis it can be recognized that almost all characteristics of footwear SMEs (scale, age, product type) gave no significant impacts on TIC and TIP. Except among footwear SMEs in Surabaya the age of SMEs had an effect on TIC and TIP.</p><p>Keywords: Footwear SMEs, Innovation Capabilities, Innovation Performance</p>

How Capable are Small and Medium Enterprises in Conducting Innovation?

“…In this study, the company scale does not impact TIC because most of them (84%) are micro and small businesses. There are also no differences in TIC based on the age of the company or the product type [30].…”

“…Among SMEs footwear, TIC performance of SMEs in Mojokerto (636 kilometers east of Jakarta) demonstrated the high category with the highest overall mean on strategic capability and learning capability [31]. However, for SMEs in Surabaya (665 kilometers east of Jakarta), the highest overall mean were on R&D capability and strategic capability [30]. Another study by Karagouni and Papadopoulos [31] showed that among SMEs furniture in Greece the highest TIC performance was on marketing capability and organizing capability.…”

Investigasi Kapabilitas Inovasi Teknologi pada Industri Alas Kaki di Jawa Timur

“…Kapabilitas perusahaan untuk berinovasi bervariasi sesuai dengan sektor bisnis, skala, fokus, sumber daya dan lingkungan bisnis dimana perusahaan beroperasi (Burroine dan Jaya, disitasi pada Rinawiyanti dan Lianto, 2016). Terkait dengan skala (ukuran), perusahaan yang lebih besar dikatakan lebih inovatif dibandingkan dengan perusahaan yang lebih kecil, antara lain karena perusahaan besar memiliki lebih banyak kemudahan pada akses pembiayaan, dapat membagikan biaya tetap inovasi pada volume penjualan yang lebih besar, manfaat yang diperoleh dari economies of scale, dan saling melengkapinya (complementarities) antara riset dan pengembangan dengan aktivitas-aktivitas perusahaan yang lain (Baldwin, 1999).…”

“…Sejauh ini, studi terkait kapabilitas teknologi inovasi (technological innovation capability) atau lebih sering disingkat dengan TIC, memberikan kerangka keseluruhan untuk memahami pentingnya kapabilitas tersebut sebagai sumber daya untuk meningkatkan keunggulan kompetitif (Lang dkk., 2012). Walaupun sudah ada beberapa penelitian tentang TIC di Indonesia, mayoritas penelitian tersebut dilakukan pada usaha kecil menengah (Lianto dkk., 2015;Rianto, 2006;Rinawiyanti dan Lianto, 2016;Rinawiyanti dkk., 2018;Siyamtinah dkk., 2011).…”

“…Perusahaan yang lebih besar dikatakan lebih inovatif dibandingkan dengan perusahaan yang lebih kecil (Baldwin, 1999). Sampai saat ini, studi terkait TIC pada industri alas kaki lebih banyak difokuskan pada UKM (Lianto dkk., 2015;Rinawiyanti dan Lianto, 2016;Rinawiyanti dkk., 2018). Sehingga, perlu dilakukan penilaian sejauh mana industri alas kaki menengah dan besar melakukan TIC.…”