Pengaruh Bio-Nano Silika Terhadap Hasil dan Efisiensi Penggunaan Air Kedelai Hitam di Lahan Kering Masam

Abstract

Kebutuhan kedelai hitam nasional masih tergantung pada pasokan dari luar negeri dan terkendala oleh rendahnya produktivitas. Oleh karena itu, pemanfaatan lahan marginal secara optimal perlu didorong untuk budidaya kedelai hitam. Optimalisasi lahan kering masam dihadapkan pada faktor utama pembatas tanah antara lain kemasaman tanah tinggi, air tersedia terbatas, dan efisiensi penggunaan unsur hara rendah. Silika (Si) dalam bentuk yang siap diserap oleh tanaman (asam silikat) mampu meningkatkan toleransi tanaman terhadap cekaman kekeringan dan meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan hara. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi bio-nano silika di lahan kering yang bereaksi masam terhadap: (i) hasil kedelai hitam, dan (ii) efisiensi penggunaan air. Kegiatan lapang dilaksanakan di Jatitujuh, Majalengka, Jawa Barat, pada bulan Juli-Oktober 2017 dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). Pupuk bio-nano silika diberikan dengan dosis 0, 2, 4, dan 6 l ha-1 , sedang pupuk N, P, dan K tunggal diberikan setara dengan 0, 50, 75, dan 100% dosis rekomendasi. Plot kontrol berupa perlakuan standar petani (100% N, P, dan K + 2 t ha-1 pupuk organik). Plot berukuran 100 m 2 dari setiap perlakuan ditanami kedelai hitam varietas Detam-1. Pupuk bio-nano silika diekstraksi dari pasir kuarsa 325 mesh menggunakan larutan asam dan basa. Pupuk bio-nano silika mengandung kadar H4SiO4 > 5% dengan ukuran partikel 18 nm dan dalam aplikasinya diperkaya dengan mikroorganisme pelarut Si, yaitu Aeromonas punctata, Burkholderia cenocepacia, B. vietnamiensis, dan Aspergillus niger. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa hasil biji kedelai nyata tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan 75% NPK + 2 l bio-nano silika per hektar. Aplikasi 4 l ha-1 bio-nano silika dapat menghemat dosis pupuk N, P, dan K sampai dengan 32%. Sementara aplikasi dengan dosis 6 l ha-1 bio-nano silika dapat meningkatkan hasil kedelai hitam var. Detam-1 sampai dengan 36,7% dan menekan kebutuhan air tanaman hingga 65%.

Effects of Bio-nano OSA Application on Fertilizer Use and Water Consumption Efficiencies of Black Soybean Grown on Rice-Field

“…Meanwhile, WUE values range from 1.33 (P5) to 2.10 g.mm -1 (P4). These values are in agreement with those reported previously by Santi et al (2018). As reported by many researchers before (Farooq et al 2009;Diedrich et al 2012;Ashraf and Harris 2013), these evidences confirm also the assumption that Si promotes a better water usage hence the crops become more tolerance to drought stress.…”

“…The values range from 1.57 (P5) to 2.37 (P4) which is in the range of genetic potential yield of 2.5-ton ha -1 (Adie et al 2009). However, these values are significantly higher compared to those reported earlier by Santi et al (2018). The differences are assumed to be as a result of different soil ecosystem.…”

“…Santi et al (2017b) formulated a high available Si originating from quartz sand combined with Si-solubilizing microbes showed a significant effect in improving drought stress tolerance of oil palm seedlings. Application of the product so-called bio-nano OSA (with the particle diameter of 18 nm) on black soybean grown at acid dry land soils of Natar and Majalengka could significantly improve yield and efficiency of water and fertilizer use (Santi et al 2018). As rice-field soil offers additional opportunities to extend black soybean growing area during dry season.…”

Application of bio-silicic acid to improve yield and fertilizer efficiency of paddy on tidal swamp land

“…As consequent of this evidence, Si deposition in leaf and stem tissues has been reported to make the plant more resilience to pest and disease attacks Alhousari & Greger, 2018). The presence of Si in plant tissues has also been considered to be responsible in regulating stomatal openness upon drought stress resulting in reduced transpiration rate and at the end less water consumption (Santi et al, 2018(Santi et al, , 2019. Overall, these conducive effects of Si become the reason why this nutrient could support better growth of the crops.…”

“…bio silicic acid so-called BioSilAc, which combines the microbial and nanotechnological approaches . The formula has been shown improving performances of oil palm, sugarcane, and soybean against drought stress (Goenadi et al, 2019;Amanah et al, 2019;Santi et al, 2019;Santi et al, 2018). However, the impact of using BioSilAc to rice grown on soils in tidal swamp area has not been reported yet.…”