Penetrative Strain and Partitioning of Convergence‐Related Shallow Crustal Shortening, Across Scales, in the Lesser‐ and Sub‐Himalayan Thrusts: Insights From the Eastern Himalaya, Sikkim

Abstract

Partitioning of convergence-related shortening into different components of the orogenic belt and associated plateau system has been addressed in recent studies that focus on determining the geodynamics of plate boundary deformation (e.g.,

Spatial variation of pure and simple shear across transpressive shear zones: flow kinematics map of the Posada-Asinara shear zone (NE Sardinia, Italy)

“…In an oblique collisional setting, deformation can be partitioned by combining lateral horizontal flow (i.e., escape), thrusting along the direction of shortening (Cagnard et al, 2006;Chardon et al, 2009;Bajolet et al, 2015) or coeval development of thrust, strike-slip, and mixed zones through orogens (Teyssier & Whitney, 2002;Iacopini et al, 2008;Nabavi et al, 2017Nabavi et al, , 2020. All tectonic regimes are significantly enhanced in the context of orocline formation (Bajolet et al, 2013;Johnston et al, 2013;Krýza et al, 2019;Parui et al, 2022). Transpression, involving both strike-slip and contractional deformation, has been conceptually introduced to explain structures within oblique convergent plate boundaries during the collision (e.g., Harland, 1971;Sanderson & Marchini, 1984;Teyssier et al, 1995;Sullivan & Law, 2007;Sarkarinejad & Azizi, 2008), playing a relevant role during the exhumation of highgrade metamorphic rocks (Dewey et al, 1998;Jones et al, 2004;Dasgupta et al, 2015).…”