Penetration resistance: An effective indicator for monitoring soil compaction in pastures

Benevenute, Pedro Antônio Namorato; Morais, Everton Geraldo de; Souza, Ademária Aparecida de; Vasques, Isabela C.F.; Cardoso, Dione Pereira; Sales, Flávia Reis; Severiano, Eduardo da Costa; Homem, Bruno Grossi Costa; Casagrande, Daniel Rume; Silva, Bruno Montoani

doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106647

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Similarly, average PR across all treatments was 1,586 and 1,999 kPa at 0–10 and 10–20 cm, respectively, for West Badger. High PR observed at the West Badger site indicates that the soil was compacted (Benevenute et al., 2020) compared with those soils at Hirzel. This can be mostly attributed to the coarse nature of soils (Barbosa et al., 2018; de Lima et al., 2017; de Oliveira et al., 2016) found at West Badger rather than changes in Ca/Mg ratios caused by gypsum or epsom applications.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Base cation saturation ratios, soil health, and yield in organic field crops

et al. 2021

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Base cation saturation ratio (BCSR) is a soil management philosophy that postulates having an ideal ratio of base cations for maximizing crop yields. This practice is widely used on organic farms, and BCSR practitioners commonly describe improvements in soil health and crop productivity. However, studies evaluating the efficacy of BCSR on soil biological and physical properties are lacking. This 6-yr field study evaluated the effects of changing soil calcium/magnesium (Ca/Mg) ratios on organic corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields and comprehensive soil health properties at two sites in Ohio with contrasting soils. Three soil amendments-(a) control, (b) gypsum (calcium sulfate), and (c) epsom (magnesium sulfate)-were applied to drive soil Ca and Mg levels in opposite directions. Amendment application resulted in soil Ca/Mg ratios 1.6 and 2.5 times higher in gypsum soils relative to epsom soils. Soil biological health, measured by permanganate oxidizable carbon, mineralizable carbon, and soil protein, was not affected by either gypsum or epsom applications. Likewise, soil physical quality measured by aggregate stability, infiltration, and penetration resistance was not significantly affected by gypsum or epsom additions at either site. Amendment application did not affect crop yields and there was no significant relationship between crop yields and the range of soil Ca/Mg ratios. Results from this study do not provide any evidence that BCSR improves soil health and organic field crop productivity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Base cation saturation ratios, soil health, and yield in organic field crops

et al. 2021

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“…Além da ação da matéria orgânica, outro fator é apontado para esse efeito na RPS, a não ocorrência de pastejo de animais na área nesse tratamento. A ação do pisoteio animal afeta diretamente as propriedades físicas do solo, por alterar o seu sistema poroso, com reflexos no movimento de água e ar na camada superficial (BENEVENUTE et al, 2020).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Infiltração de água e resistência do solo à penetração em sistemas de cultivos integrados e em área de pastagem degradada

et al. 2020

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The objective of this study was to quantify water infiltration and resistance to penetration in a Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico (Typic Haplustox) cultivated with different land use systems and in a degraded pasture area. The studied areas are located in Rio Verde, state of Goiás (Brazil), where seven treatments were evaluated: T1 -Degraded; T2 -Fertilized pasture; T3 -Conventional; T4 -Crop-forest integrationsystem(CFI); T5 -Livestock-forest integrationsystem(LFI); T6 -crop-livestock-forest integration system (CLFI -hay); and T7 -crop-livestock-forest integration system (CLFI-silage). The water infiltration speed curves and the respective basic infiltration rate (BIR) values for the areas under study were determined. The infiltration of water into the soil was determined “in situ” by the double ring infiltrometer method and empirically through models proposed by Kostiakov and Kostiakov-Lewis. The soil resistance to penetration, up to a depth of 0.3 m, was performed using an impact penetrometer. The greatest infiltration in relation to time occurred in treatment T7. The highest values of BIR occurred in treatment T5. The model proposed by Kostiakov showed greater adjustment to the infiltration speed data obtained in the field. The lower resistance of the soil to penetration is provided by the diversity of species in the T4 treatment. The different management systems for recovering degraded pastures influenced the soil quality indicators studied, but there is a need for further studies to adjust the stocking rates in integrated systems in order not to return to the degradation scenario.

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“…Intensive grazing interferes with soil compaction, amplifying the resistance to penetration already increased by the root structure, and promoting runoff and soil erosion in the sequel (Pilon et al, 2017). The determination of resistance to penetration using a field penetrometer has proven to be an important practical tool in predicting compaction in pastures (Benevenute et al, 2020). In the EPA of Uberaba River basin, resistance to penetration allowed checking the consistency of soil losses estimated by the BI and USLE models, in 37 predefined locations.…”

Section: Groundmentioning

confidence: 99%