Penetration of oxygen in the edge region of Tokamak plasma

Тендлер, М.

doi:10.1088/0032-1028/25/7/006

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Cooperatives may increase productivity through the attainment of economies of scale (as fixed production costs spread over higher output volume), the collective acquisition of technology (leading to increases in labor productivity) and the use of common productive assets (e.g. machinery and irrigation structure) (Arango et al, 2005;Barton, 1989;Fernández y Fernández, 1973;Orozco et al, 2013;Schrader, 1989;Sudarsky, 1977;Tendler, 1983).…”

Section: Economic Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…73, bogotá, primer semestre de 2014, pp. 219-271, issn 0120-3584 cooperatives a "moral advantage" over third-party retailers (Chayanov, 1991;Tendler, 1983).…”

Section: Economic Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third intangible benefit comprises of increases in the peasants' awareness and capacity to defend their political and economic interests 9 (McClintock, 1981;Sudarsky, 1977;Tendler, 1983). Cooperatives may enhance participation in public affairs, involvement in public advocacy and community development (Hirschman, 1984;Sudarsky, 1977).…”

Section: Intangible Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, groups that pool common resources, like cooperatives, tend to present problems of free-riding, shirking, conflict of interests and opportunistic behavior (Ostrom, 1990;Sexton and Iskow, 1988;Tendler, 1983). Deterring or mitigating these problems may entail very high costs of transaction 10 , specifically in the creation of rules and enforcement of such rules.…”

Section: Cooperatives' Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…trust) or strengthening their political capacities. What is more, cooperatives may produce spill over benefits to nonmembers (Tendler, 1983). In this sense the cooperatives contribute to build social capital within their communities (Arango, Cárdenas, Marulanda andParedes, 2005, Orozco, Forero andWills, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smallholders’ Agricultural Cooperatives in Colombia: ¿Vehicles for Rural Development?

Rodríguez¹

2014

DyS

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This article focuses on assessing whether the main conditions required for smallholders' agricultural cooperatives to successfully develop are currently met in Colombia. The main objective is to formulate policy implications on how the State may contribute to facilitate that these organizations constitute vehicles for rural development. The article argues that the conditions that facilitate the development of agricultural cooperatives are not adequately achieved in Colombia. Furthermore, it suggests that the State and other external agents may have an important role to play in advancing these conditions. In short, it proposes the formulation of policies that allow the State to exert a facilitating role that aims to "midwife" the formation and development of self-reliant grassroots organizations. This "facilitatory" role would represent a third-way between two previous approaches that have failed in Colombia in the past: the "top-down" interventions on farmer enterprises devised by the State in the 1 Is a Lawyer from Javeriana University. He holds a Master in Law and Economics from

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Section: Economic Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…73, bogotá, primer semestre de 2014, pp. 219-271, issn 0120-3584 cooperatives a "moral advantage" over third-party retailers (Chayanov, 1991;Tendler, 1983).…”

Section: Economic Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%