Penetration of Fragrance Compounds Through Human Epidermis

Jimbo, Yuko

doi:10.1111/j.1346-8138.1983.tb01132.x

Cited by 52 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, lower levels of absorption of 1% were observed through an in vitro intact pig skin model (Lapczynski et al, 2007). The very low penetrance of 0.031% after 72 h for benzyl salicylate in a human skin model used epidermis stripped of dermis or subcutaneous tissue and might be attributed to the lipophylic nature of this compound in the absence of the adipose rich layers of the skin (Jimbo, 1983). Whether benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate or butylphenylmethylpropional possess oestrogenic properties remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Oestrogenic activity of benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate and butylphenylmethylpropional (Lilial) in MCF7 human breast cancer cells in vitro

Charles

Darbre

2009

J of Applied Toxicology

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Benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate and butylphenylmethylpropional (Lilial) are added to bodycare cosmetics used around the human breast. We report here that all three compounds possess oestrogenic activity in assays using the oestrogen-responsive MCF7 human breast cancer cell line. At 3 000 000-fold molar excess, they were able to partially displace [(3)H]oestradiol from recombinant human oestrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta, and from cytosolic ER of MCF7 cells. At concentrations in the range of 5 x 10(-5) to 5 x 10(-4 )m, they were able to increase the expression of a stably integrated oestrogen-responsive reporter gene (ERE-CAT) and of the endogenous oestrogen-responsive pS2 gene in MCF7 cells, albeit to a lesser extent than with 10(-8 )m 17beta-oestradiol. They increased the proliferation of oestrogen-dependent MCF7 cells over 7 days, which could be inhibited by the antioestrogen fulvestrant, suggesting an ER-mediated mechanism. Although the extent of stimulation of proliferation over 7 days was lower with these compounds than with 10(-8 )m 17beta-oestradiol, given a longer time period of 35 days the extent of proliferation with 10(-4 )m benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate or butylphenylmethylpropional increased to the same magnitude as observed with 10(-8 )m 17beta-oestradiol over 14 days. This demonstrates that benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate and butylphenylmethylpropional are further chemical components of cosmetic products which give oestrogenic responses in a human breast cancer cell line in culture. Further research is now needed to investigate whether oestrogenic responses are detectable using in vivo models and the extent to which these compounds might be absorbed through human skin and might enter human breast tissues.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Oestrogenic activity of benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate and butylphenylmethylpropional (Lilial) in MCF7 human breast cancer cells in vitro

Charles

Darbre

2009

J of Applied Toxicology

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“…A oneway ANOVA revealed significant differences between compounds, vehicles and compounds in vehicles. In a previous study, 18 fragrance compounds not contained in vehicles were applied directly to human epidermis and benzyl alcohol was found to penetrate the epidermis most rapidly (1). The present study examined the influence of various vehicles on penetration rate of benzyl alcohol, isoeugenol and methyl isoeugenol and revealed that benzyl alcohol penetrated the human epidermis most rapidly from almost all vehicles when compared with the other two compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…14(;-labeled and non-labeled benzyl alcohol, isoeugenol or methyl isoeugenol were dissolved in each vehicle at a concentration of 10 mM and a specific activity of 10 ,uCi/ml. Vehicles INTRODUCTION The percent penetration of 18 fragrance materials through human epidermis was studied previously (1). In that study, chemicals without vehicles were applied directly to the epidermis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Vehicles on Penetration Through Human Epidermis of Benzyl Alcohol, Isoeugenol and Methyl Isoeugenol

Jimbo

Ishihara

Osamura

et al. 1983

The Journal of Dermatology

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The influence of 5 liquid, 6 cosmetic and 2 ointment vehicles on the penetration of benzyl alcohol, isoeugenol and methyl isoeugenol through human epidermis was studied. Benzyl alcohol penetrated most rapidly from almost all vehicles. Among liquid vehicles, liquid paraffin provided the best penetration for the 3 compounds. As the ratio of water to ethanol increased in ethanol/water solutions, the penetration of each compound increased. Among cosmetic and ointment vehicles, lotion and milky lotion afforded maximum penetration of each compound with the exception of milky lotion in the case of benzyl alcohol. Macrogol ointment provided the poorest penetration results for the 3 compounds tested.

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“…As this happens the drug is transferred to the less volatile phase, benzyl alcohol, which has very rapid permeation characteristics (Nimni et a1 1990). As part of a study of the rate of penetration of 18 different fragrance materials used in cosmetics benzyl alcohol was found to penetrate man's epidermis most rapidly (Jimbo 1983). When the drug has been carried across the epidermal barrier, the dermis with its meshwork of collagen, elastin and proteoglycans, a high water content and a sparcity of cells offers little resistance to flow (Nimni 1997).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transdermal Delivery and Accumulation of Indomethacin in Subcutaneous Tissues in Rats

Mikulak

Vangsness

Nimni

1998

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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Oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective pharmacotherapy for a wide variety of painful, inflammatory disorders. Development of an efficient means of topical administration of NSAIDs could increase local soft-tissue and joint concentrations while reducing systemic distribution of the drug, thereby reducing side-effects. With this in mind we studied the effects of a novel topical penetration enhancer for lipophilic compounds, a trans-phase delivery system (TPDS), a solution of benzyl alcohol, isopropanol and acetone, on the distribution of indomethacin in various tissues locally and remote from the site of application. We compared the TPDS with a 50:50 (v/v) mixture of propylene glycol and ethanol, a commonly used penetration enhancer, and with oral administration. We found that the TPDS was significantly superior to the other approaches at achieving high local-tissue concentrations in the vicinity of the site of application. In addition, comparison of these two carrier systems seems to clarify the different aqueous and hydrophobic pathways of drug penetration which emerge from various experimental findings and theoretical considerations. Our results suggest that this non-aqueous solvent system, and benzyl alcohol in particular, because of its unique physicochemical and solvating characteristics, might be able to deliver therapeutic levels of indomethacin to tissues close to the site of application in a safer and more effective manner than presently accepted forms of delivery.

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Penetration of Fragrance Compounds Through Human Epidermis

Cited by 52 publications

References 6 publications

Oestrogenic activity of benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate and butylphenylmethylpropional (Lilial) in MCF7 human breast cancer cells in vitro

Oestrogenic activity of benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate and butylphenylmethylpropional (Lilial) in MCF7 human breast cancer cells in vitro

Influence of Vehicles on Penetration Through Human Epidermis of Benzyl Alcohol, Isoeugenol and Methyl Isoeugenol

Transdermal Delivery and Accumulation of Indomethacin in Subcutaneous Tissues in Rats

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