Penetration of 6061-T651 Aluminum Targets With Rigid Long Rods

Abstract

We developed engineering models for forces on rigid, long rods with spherical, ogival, and conical noses that penetrated rate independent, elastic-perfectly plastic targets. The spherical and cylindrical, cavity-expansion approximations simplified the target analyses, so we obtained closed-form penetration equations. To verify our models, we performed terminal-ballistic experiments with 7.1-mm dia., 0.024 kg, marging steel rods and 152-mm dia., 6061-T651 aluminum targets. The models predicted penetration depths that were in reasonable agreement with the data for impact velocities between 0.4-1.4 km/s.

Analysis of Erosion Transition in Tungsten-Alloy Rods into Aluminum Targets

“…According to the hypothesis, it is this effective rod strength that produces this penetration-performance dislocation across the rod-erosion threshold because, following the onset of erosion, this lateral confinement and the resultant axial-stress augmentation is kinematically removed by the flow of the erosion products. In addressing this type of noneroding, yet deforming, penetration, similarities are shared with traditional rigidbody-penetration modeling (19)(20)(21)(22)(23); nonetheless, the modeling is made distinct, by way of the rod's deformation and the nature of the rod/target interference fit. It should be noted that this noneroding yet deforming, circumstance is somewhat analogous (in reverse) to the ballistic phenomenon known as "penetrator dwell," in which the target deforms and may yield (or fracture), but does not ballistically erode.…”

Trajectory instability and convergence of the curvilinear motion of a hard projectile in deep penetration

“…For example, Ref. [28][29][30][31][32] used friction coefficient =0.02-0.10 for the penetration of high strength steel projectile in concrete and aluminum targets. It was also mentioned in [33] that friction can be neglected in high velocity penetration study because local melting normally happens on the interface which largely reduces the friction.…”

Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian Methods for Earth Penetrating Weapon Applications

“…These new algorithms will provide a more accurate computation of the interaction force and therefore provide a higher fidelity solution. The SHISM capability will be validated against the experimental data provided by Forrestal et al, (1988).…”