Penetration and Cutting Effects of Lead-Sheathed Flexible Linear Shaped Charges and Explosive-Filled Linear Shaped-Charge Containers (Mark 7 Mods 1 through 8 and Mark 8 Mod 2)

Humphrey, William A.; Gaines, Paula A.

doi:10.21236/adb032093

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…The standard explosive linear cladding material in use for years has included a high proportion of lead (90-96 wt-%) together with antimony (4-10 wt-%) [9,10]. The lead/antimony alloys are economical and provide the ease of manufacture and the reliability of performance in terms of low melt temperature, high density, efficient heat transfer of the encased explosive, and sufficient hoop strength to contain the explosive before function.…”

Section: Materials Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ta, Mo and W can form coherent and ductile jets when properly designed [20,21]. The copper based alloys such as Cu- (5,10,30)Zn, Cu-10Sn, Cu- (10,30,50,70)Ni, Cu-72Ag, and other Cu- (28,35,50,60)Ni-(0, 5, 6, 8, 12)W, Cu-80W are also reported in literatures [1,9]. These materials provide excellent mechanical properties and can form a deep penetration in the target due to their good ductility [22].…”

Section: Materials Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of Sn–Cu alloys for detonating and explosive cords

Liu

Grechcini³

et al. 2017

Materials Science and Technology

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In order to develop alloys as the substitute of Pb-based materials for shielding materials in detonating and explosive cords, the materials requirement was analyzed and Sn-Cu based alloys were selected as candidates for this purpose. Four alloys including Sn-0.3wt.%Cu, Sn-0.5wt.%Cu, Sn-0.7wt.%Cu, and Sn-1.0wt.%Cu were processed from melting, casting, rolling, and annealing. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys were investigated under as-cast, as-rolled and as-annealed conditions. The results confirmed that Sn-Cu based alloys are the appropriate substitute of Pb-based alloys for the application of detonating and explosive cords. The advantages of Sn-Cu alloys include resource abundant, low materials cost, non-toxicity for health and environment, relatively high density for supplying sufficient impulse energy and momentum for penetration, acceptable mechanical properties, and easy in melting, casting, extrusion, rolling and drawings. The microstructure of hypoeutectic Sn-Cu alloys was characterized by Sn-Cu solution and Sn-Cu6Sn5 eutectic phase. The annealing heat treatment was not able to modify the microstructure. The Sn-Cu based alloys with 0.3 to 1.0wt.%Cu offered the yield strength from 26.1 to 50.8MPa, ultimate tensile strength from 30.1 to 51.5MPa and elongation from 87.5 to 56.0%, which were comparable with the mechanical properties of the currently used Pb-based alloys. More importantly, Sn-Cu alloys exhibited strain softening under tensile stress, which was critically beneficial to the shielding manufacture and subsequent processing after assembly with high-energy explosive materials.

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Section: Materials Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%