Penetrating Keratoplasty in the Cat

Bahn, Charles F.; Meyer, Roger F.; MacCallum, Donald K.; Lillie, John H.; Lovett, Edmund J.; Sugar, Alan; Mártonyi, Csaba L.

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(82)34750-8

Cited by 43 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This study shows that mature and elderly dogs had a decrease in ECD and an increase in endothelial cell pleomorphism and polymegethism compared with immature dogs. This change with age is comparable with the results of previous studies in other mammalian species 10,11,13,14,19,27,29 . Light microscopy examination revealed a decrease in endothelial cell nuclei per 40× field in mature and older dog groups compared to immature dogs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Corneal endothelial cell morphology of normal dogs in different ages

Rodrigues¹,

Laus

Santos

et al. 2006

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Endothelial cell function is essential to maintain corneal transparency, but unfortunately the regenerative capacity of the endothelium is limited. There are only a few reports describing the effect of age on morphologic appearance of corneal endothelial cells of dogs. Studies of normal corneal endothelial cells in humans and dogs have shown a decrease in endothelial cell density (ECD) and an increase in pleomorphism and polymegethism with advancing age. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of age on ECD and endothelial cell morphology in dogs. A total of 30 dogs were divided into three groups (10 dogs/group) based on age: group 1 (2-12 months old), group 2 (24-72 months old), and group 3 (84 months or older). Corneas were processed for light and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed only difference in cell density between group 1 and groups 2 and 3, showing an initial decrease in cell density as the animal matured. Whereas there was significantly greater variation in cell size within the dogs in group 3 than there was within the other two groups, suggesting that there was increased polymegethism and pleomorphism with advancing age.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Corneal endothelial cell morphology of normal dogs in different ages

Rodrigues¹,

Laus

Santos

et al. 2006

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…Previously, the feline cornea has been used as a model for the human cornea in investigations of corneal wound healing [21]–[26], corneal implants [45], and contact lens studies [46]. The feline model, as with any other animal model, has some differences to humans including the presence of nictitating membranes and the general dimensions and size of the eye and surrounding organs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The feline model has been chosen for the current study as it has been successfully used for wound healing studies in refractive surgery [21]–[23] and following corneal epithelial removal using heptan-1-ol [24], investigations of corneal sensitivity and nerve regeneration after non-penetrating keratotomy or penetrating autografts [25] and analysis of tear proteins following corneal epithelial debridement [26]. Different to most animal models, the feline cornea possesses fibrils that resemble a Bowman’s membrane [27], [28] and a similar corneal epithelial thickness as a human [29], [30].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of Ocular Surface Components to Matrix-Metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in Feline Tears following Corneal Epithelial Wounding

et al. 2013

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PurposeThis study investigated ocular surface components that contribute to matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 found in tears following corneal epithelial wounding.MethodsLaboratory short-haired cats underwent corneal epithelial debridement in one randomly chosen eye (n = 18). Eye-flush tears were collected at baseline and during various healing stages. Procedural control eyes (identical experimental protocol as wounded eyes except for wounding, n = 5) served as controls for tear analysis. MMP activity was analyzed in tears using gelatin zymography. MMP staining patterns were evaluated in ocular tissues using immunohistochemistry and used to determine MMP expression sites responsible for tear-derived MMPs.ResultsThe proMMP-2 and proMMP-9 activity in tears was highest in wounded and procedural control eyes during epithelial migration (8 to 36 hours post-wounding). Wounded eyes showed significantly higher proMMP-9 in tears only during and after epithelial restratification (day 3 to 4 and day 7 to 28 post-wounding, respectively) as compared to procedural controls (p<0.05). Tears from wounded and procedural control eyes showed no statistical differences for pro-MMP-2 and MMP-9 (p>0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in the cornea during epithelial migration and wound closure. The conjunctival epithelium exhibited highest levels of both MMPs during wound closure, while MMP-9 expression was reduced in conjunctival goblet cells during corneal epithelial migration followed by complete absence of the cells during wound closure. The immunostaining for both MMPs was elevated in the lacrimal gland during corneal healing, with little/no change in the meibomian glands. Conjunctival-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) showed weak MMP-2 and intense MMP-9 staining.ConclusionsFollowing wounding, migrating corneal epithelium contributed little to the observed MMP levels in tears. The major sources assessed in the present study for tear-derived MMP-2 and MMP-9 following corneal wounding are the lacrimal gland and CALT. Other sources included stromal keratocytes and conjunctiva with goblet cells.

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“…[26], [27] In addition, cats have been used previously to study corneal disease including in vivo models of Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy (Brunette I. IOVS 2012; ARVO E-Abstract 330 and Haydari MN, et al IOVS 2012; ARVO E-Abstract 3640). [28], [29] The cat model has also been used to further our understanding of ophthalmic surgical interventions, including keratoplasty [30]–[34]. Histological correlates have demonstrated keratocyte activation and apoptosis adjacent to wounds following penetrating keratoplasty.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keratocyte Apoptosis and Not Myofibroblast Differentiation Mark the Graft/Host Interface at Early Time-Points Post-DSAEK in a Cat Model

et al. 2013

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PurposeTo evaluate myofibroblast differentiation as an etiology of haze at the graft-host interface in a cat model of Descemet’s Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK).MethodsDSAEK was performed on 10 eyes of 5 adult domestic short-hair cats. In vivo corneal imaging with slit lamp, confocal, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed twice weekly. Cats were sacrificed and corneas harvested 4 hours, and 2, 4, 6, and 9 days post-DSAEK. Corneal sections were stained with the TUNEL method and immunohistochemistry was performed for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin with DAPI counterstain.ResultsAt all in vivo imaging time-points, corneal OCT revealed an increase in backscatter of light and confocal imaging revealed an acellular zone at the graft-host interface. At all post-mortem time-points, immunohistochemistry revealed a complete absence of α-SMA staining at the graft-host interface. At 4 hours, extracellular fibronectin staining was identified along the graft-host interface and both fibronectin and TUNEL assay were positive within adjacent cells extending into the host stroma. By day 2, fibronectin and TUNEL staining diminished and a distinct acellular zone was present in the region of previously TUNEL-positive cells.ConclusionsOCT imaging consistently showed increased reflectivity at the graft-host interface in cat corneas in the days post-DSAEK. This was not associated with myofibroblast differentiation at the graft-host interface, but rather with apoptosis and the development of a subsequent acellular zone. The roles of extracellular matrix changes and keratocyte cell death and repopulation should be investigated further as potential contributors to the interface optical changes.

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Penetrating Keratoplasty in the Cat

Cited by 43 publications

References 13 publications

Corneal endothelial cell morphology of normal dogs in different ages

Corneal endothelial cell morphology of normal dogs in different ages

Contributions of Ocular Surface Components to Matrix-Metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in Feline Tears following Corneal Epithelial Wounding

Keratocyte Apoptosis and Not Myofibroblast Differentiation Mark the Graft/Host Interface at Early Time-Points Post-DSAEK in a Cat Model

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