Penetrance of the vestigial gene in drosophila melanogaster

Silber, Joël

doi:10.1007/bf00122413

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…A prime example is the vestigial mutant in Drosophila (affecting wing and haltere development), where several modifier genes, i.e. additional loci, epistatically modify the phenotypic effect of vestigial 60 – 63 . Crossing a laboratory vestigial line to either field-caught or laboratory wild type individuals indeed restored the wild type phenotype within 20 to 40 generations, respectively (despite the continued presence of vestigial in the genome) 44 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual selection contributes to partial restoration of phenotypic robustness in a butterfly

Nieberding

Martin

Saenko

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Phenotypic variation is the raw material for selection that is ubiquitous for most traits in natural populations, yet the processes underlying phenotypic evolution or stasis often remain unclear. Here, we report phenotypic evolution in a mutant line of the butterfly Bicyclus anynana after outcrossing with the genetically polymorphic wild type population. The comet mutation modifies two phenotypic traits known to be under sexual selection in this butterfly: the dorsal forewing eyespots and the pheromone-producing structures. The original comet mutant line was inbred and remained phenotypically stable for at least seven years, but when outcrossed to the wild type population the outcrossed comet line surprisingly recovered the wild type phenotype within 8 generations at high (27 °C), but not at low (20 °C), developmental temperatures. Male mating success experiments then revealed that outcrossed comet males with the typical comet phenotype suffered from lower mating success, while mating success of outcrossed comet males resembling wild types was partially restored. We document a fortuitous case where the addition of genetic polymorphism around a spontaneous mutation could have allowed partial restoration of phenotypic robustness. We further argue that sexual selection through mate choice is likely the driving force leading to phenotypic robustness in our system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual selection contributes to partial restoration of phenotypic robustness in a butterfly

Nieberding

Martin

Saenko

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…One such system is the fly (Drosophila melanogaster) wing. Several mutations affecting wing development have background-dependent phenotypic effects (ALTENBURG and MULLER 1920;NAKASHIMA-TANAKA 1967;SILBER 1980;DWORKIN and GIBSON 2006;DEBAT et al 2009), with selectable variation present in natural populations (THOMPSON 1975;CAVICCHI et al 1989). In one dramatic example, the scalloped E3 (sd E3 ) mutation causes a moderately reduced, blade-like wing in the background of one common lab wild-type strain, Samarkand (hereafter, SAM), but a much more severely diminished wing in another common background, Oregon-R (ORE) (Figure 1; DWORKIN et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes and Consequences of Genetic Background Effects Illuminated by Integrative Genomic Analysis

et al. 2014

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The phenotypic consequences of individual mutations are modulated by the wild-type genetic background in which they occur. Although such background dependence is widely observed, we do not know whether general patterns across species and traits exist or about the mechanisms underlying it. We also lack knowledge on how mutations interact with genetic background to influence gene expression and how this in turn mediates mutant phenotypes. Furthermore, how genetic background influences patterns of epistasis remains unclear. To investigate the genetic basis and genomic consequences of genetic background dependence of the scalloped E3 allele on the Drosophila melanogaster wing, we generated multiple novel genome-level datasets from a mapping-byintrogression experiment and a tagged RNA gene expression dataset. In addition we used whole genome resequencing of the parental lines-two commonly used laboratory strains-to predict polymorphic transcription factor binding sites for SD. We integrated these data with previously published genomic datasets from expression microarrays and a modifier mutation screen. By searching for genes showing a congruent signal across multiple datasets, we were able to identify a robust set of candidate loci contributing to the background-dependent effects of mutations in sd. We also show that the majority of background-dependent modifiers previously reported are caused by higher-order epistasis, not quantitative noncomplementation. These findings provide a useful foundation for more detailed investigations of genetic background dependence in this system, and this approach is likely to prove useful in exploring the genetic basis of other traits as well. GENETICISTS often strictly control their organisms' wildtype genetic backgrounds when experimentally dissecting genetic pathways. Although this tight control is necessary to avoid faulty inferences caused by confounding variables (e.g., Burnett et al. 2011), it can often paint an incomplete or even incorrect picture; no genetic pathway or network exists in a vacuum. Instead, these networks occur in the context of all the alleles in the genome, which usually vary among individuals. There is substantial evidence that wild-type genetic background almost always modulates the phenotypic effects of mutations (e.g., McKenzie et al. 1982;Threadgill et al. 1995;Atallah et al. 2004;Milloz et al. 2008;Chandler 2010;Dowell et al. 2010;Gerke et al. 2010). The influence of wild-type genetic backgrounds also extends to interactions among mutations (Remold and Lenski 2004;Dworkin et al. 2009;Wang et al. 2013b), altering patterns of epistasis, and these complex interactions are likely widespread . Alleles that influence many mutant phenotypes segregate in most natural populations, representing a potential source of cryptic genetic variation Félix 2007;Vaistij et al. 2013). In many cases, this cryptic variation has been described phenomenologically, or via the partitioning of genetic variance components (Gibson et al. 1999;Dworkin et al. 2003;McGuigan e...

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“…This sterility disappears in the heterozygous condition except for vg B /vg e heterozygotes. This observation may be related to the sterility observed in vg B /vg nw and vg B /vg N02 heterozygotes (Silber & Goux, 1978), where vg nw and vg NO2 are deletions of vg sequences (Williams & Bell, 1988). Our genetical results suggest that the vf mutation may be due to a deletion, and molecular analyses (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Genetic and molecular analyses ofvg^al: a spontaneous and unstable mutation at thevestigiallocus inDrosophila melanogaster

Bazin¹,

Lemeunier²,

Périquet³

et al. 1991

Genet. Res.

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SummaryWe describe herein, a new unstable mutant of the vestigial locus, isolated from a French natural population. From this mutant vestigialalmost (vgal) wild-type flies (vgal+) and extreme vg phenotypes (vge) arose spontaneously without genomic shock. The occurrence of vgal+ or vge alleles depends mostly on the breeding temperature; vgal+ revertants arose principally at low temperature (21 °C) and vge at 28 °C. These events occur mainly in the male germ line and the phenomenon appears to be premeiotic. Our results with in situ hybridization experiments and Southern blots show that the vgal mutation is due to a 2 kb DNA insertion, which is a deleted hobo element. Genetic and molecular analyses show that two distinct events may underly the wild-type revertants. One is the excision of the resident hobo element, the other a further deletion (about 300 bp in the example characterized herein). The vge mutation is probably due to a deletion of vestigial sequences flanking the hobo insertion.

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Penetrance of the vestigial gene in drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Sexual selection contributes to partial restoration of phenotypic robustness in a butterfly

Sexual selection contributes to partial restoration of phenotypic robustness in a butterfly

Causes and Consequences of Genetic Background Effects Illuminated by Integrative Genomic Analysis

Genetic and molecular analyses ofvg^al: a spontaneous and unstable mutation at thevestigiallocus inDrosophila melanogaster

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Penetrance of the vestigial gene in drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Sexual selection contributes to partial restoration of phenotypic robustness in a butterfly

Sexual selection contributes to partial restoration of phenotypic robustness in a butterfly

Causes and Consequences of Genetic Background Effects Illuminated by Integrative Genomic Analysis

Genetic and molecular analyses ofvgal: a spontaneous and unstable mutation at thevestigiallocus inDrosophila melanogaster

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Genetic and molecular analyses ofvg^al: a spontaneous and unstable mutation at thevestigiallocus inDrosophila melanogaster