Penetrability of microfine cement grouts: experimental investigation and fuzzy regression modeling

Abstract

One-dimensional injection tests were conducted on sand columns with a height of 134 cm for the penetrability evaluation of microfine cement grouts. Three ordinary cement types were pulverized to obtain microfine cements having nominal maximum grain sizes of 20 and 10 μm, and these cements were used in the present investigation. Suspensions with water to cement (W/C) ratios of 1, 2, and 3, by weight, were injected into 13 clean sands with d15 ranging from 0.17 to 2.25 mm and Cu ranging from 1.19 to 6.67. Pulverization of the ordinary cements to produce microfine cements extends the range of groutable sands to “medium-to-fine”. Cement fineness; suspension W/C ratio and apparent viscosity; and sand grain size, gradation, and relative density are very important parameters, as they substantially affect both grout penetration and maximum injection pressure. The penetration length of cement grouts was correlated to parameters pertinent to the suspension, sand, and injection process by performing fuzzy and ordinary linear regression analyses of the injection test results. The resultant fuzzy regression models provided successful penetration length predictions for the majority of the cases analyzed, while the best ordinary regression model exhibited a correlation coefficient not higher than 0.363.

Multi-Response Optimization of Ultrafine Cement-Based Slurry Using the Taguchi-Grey Relational Analysis Method

“…However, it is difficult to inject ordinary Portland cement slurries into fine sand or microfractures [ 5 ]. In recent years, ultrafine cement (UC) slurry has been rapidly developed and is widely used to prevent the water seepage problem in underground engineering [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

The Development of Practice in Permeation Grouting by using Fine-grained Cement Suspensions

“…In the last thirty years, new materials have been developed, which are presented as a counter-proposal to the use of chemical solutions for the above problems. These are extremely fine-grained cements whose suspensions have the ability to penetrate and reinforce even fine-grained sands [17,28,29,30,31,32,33,34]. The main advantage of these materials over chemical solutions is that they are composed entirely of minerals and thus do not cause adverse environmental effects.…”

The Effect of Water-to-Cement Ratio on the Penetrability of Cement Grouts: An Experimental Investigation

“…As a result, a number of fine-grained cements, called microfine or ultrafine cements, has been developed and manufactured. The behavior of microfine cements in permeation grouting is the objective of many research efforts [9,10,11,12,13,14,15].…”