Penegakan Hukum Illegal Fishing dalam Perspektif UNCLOS 1982

Abstract

Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan terbesar kedua didunia yang mempunyai kekayaan sumber daya perairan yang cukup tinggi serta sumber daya hayati yang beranekaragam. Indonesia juga berada pada posisi yang sangat strategis di antara negara-negara didunia, letaknya yang strategis inilah yang menimbulkan kemungkinan terjadinya berbagai macam kejahatan yang terjadi di laut. Salah satunya adalah tindak pidana illegal fishing. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan Undang-Undang (statute approach) serta pendekatan konseptual (conseptual approach). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS 1982) sebagai ketentuan hukum internasional mengatur secara umum tentang penegakan hukum di laut teritorial maupun zona ekonomi ekslusif (ZEE) suatu negara yang diimplementasikan dalam hukum nasional melalui perundang-undangan. Adapun Undang-Undang yang mengatur secara spesifik mengenai illegal fishing yakni Undang-Undang No. 31 Tahun 2004 yang diubah menjadi Undang-Undang No. 45 Tahun 2009 tentang Perikanan dan Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1983 tentang Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia (ZEEI).

Application of the Passive National Principle to Excise Crimes that Occur in the Outside Port Limits Area on the Border of Indonesia and Singapore

“…Article 73 paragraph (1) of UNCLOS 1982 explains that if a foreign vessel does not comply with the fisheries laws and regulations of the coastal State in the EEZ, then the coastal State may board, inspect, arrest and carry out judicial proceedings against the foreign vessel, as necessary to ensure the observance of the laws and regulations established by the provisions in UNCLOS 1982 [13]. More certainly, in the Criminal Code Bill, the national principle of passive is described in more detail in Article 5, namely: The criminal provisions in the Law apply to any person outside the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia who commits a criminal act against the interests of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia related to:…”

Inhibiting Factors in Enforcement Law of Illegal Fishing Indonesian Seas Based on International Maritime Law

“…In the international definition, the crime of fisheries is not just illegal fishing but also includes unreported Fishing and unregulated Fishing or better known as Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing (IUU Fishing) [7]. In addition, the term refers to the policy and management of fisheries in any fishing activities in the sea.…”

“…17 of 1985 concerning Ratification of the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea results from the ratification of the Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which contains the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. Therefore, Indonesia is fully sovereign over its 12-mile territorial waters over the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), ancillary zones, and the continental shelf [7].…”

Law Enforcement in Indonesia's Exclusive Economic Zone in the Framework of Indonesia's National Interest in the Marine Sector

“…Law enforcement at the level of the law of the sea convention that regulates the potential of fishery resources internationally is regulated by UNCLOS 1982 in relation to the utilization and management of fish resources. (Jamilah & Disemadi, 2020) The 1982 Law of the Sea Convention contains provisions relating to fisheries law applicable in different types of maritime zones under and outside the boundaries of national jurisdiction. The provisions of Chapter V of this Convention contain legal arrangements for fisheries under the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) regime, the exclusive economic zone of two or more coastal countries and the high seas.…”