Pendant Length-Dependent Electrochemical Performances for Conjugated Organic Polymers as Solid-State Polymer Electrolytes in Lithium Metal Batteries

Abstract

The development of solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) has been plagued by poor ionic conductivity, low ionic transference number, and limited electrochemical potential window. The exploitation of ionized SPEs is a feasible avenue to solve this problem. Herein, conjugated organic polymers (COPs) with excellent designability and rich pore structures have been selected as platforms for exploration. Three cationic COPs with different chain lengths of quaternary ammonium salts (CbzT@C x , x = 4, 6, 9) are designed and applied to SPEs for the first time. Meanwhile, the effects of chain lengths on their electrochemical performances are compared. Especially, CbzT@C 9 shows the most attractive electrochemical performance due to its high specific surface area of 212.3 m 2 g −1 . The larger specific surface area allows more exposure of the long-chain quaternary ammonium cation groups, which is more favorable for the dissociation of lithium salts. Moreover, the flexible long-chain structure increases the compatibility with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and reduces the crystallinity of PEO to some extent. The richer pore structure can accommodate more PEO, further disrupting the crystallinity of PEO and creating more channels for the ether-oxygen chain to transport lithium ions. At 60 °C, the SPE (CbzTM@C 9 ) presents an excellent ionic conductivity (σ) of 8.00 × 10 −4 S cm −1 . CbzTM@C 9 has a lithium-ion transference number (t Li+ ) of 0.48. Thus, the assembled Li/CbzTM@C 9 /LiFePO 4 battery provides a good discharge capacity of 158.8 mAh g −1 at 0.1C. After 70 cycles, the capacity retention rate is 93.8% with a Coulombic efficiency of 98%. The excellent flexibility brings stable power supply capability under various bending angles to the assembled Li/CbzTM@C 9 /LiFePO 4 soft-packed battery. The project uses conjugated organic polymers in SPEs and creates an avenue to develop flexible energy storage equipment.

The role of zwitterionic crosslinks in facilitating ion conduction, lithium deposition, and stable interface formation for polymer electrolyte-based lithium metal batteries

“…The S-N-S vibration peaks in the Raman spectrum could be deconvoluted into three separate peaks located at 727, 737, and 746 cm −1 , corresponding to the free TFSI − , compact ion pair (CIP: the TFSI − was associated with one Li + ), and aggregated ion cluster (AGG: the TFSI −1 was associated with more than two Li + ), respectively. 45 The percentage of free TFSI − was calculated as follows:…”

Ultrathin alkynylation phthalocyanine-conjugated organic polymer nanosheets for constructing a sensitive electrochemiluminescence sensor

“…COPs have been evaluated for photoredox catalysis, 8–10 supercapacitors, 11,12 and batteries. 13,14 Furthermore, the microporosity and extended π-conjugation in COPs are conducive to storing electrical energy in electrodes. Redox-active groups can easily be introduced in the tunable skeleton of COPs, resulting in interesting and beneficial electrochemical properties.…”

Halide-sulfide bilayer electrolytes for LiFePO4-based all-solid-state batteries

“…18 However, most reported LFP-based ASSLBs focus on organic polymer solidstate electrolytes, which are still flammable to a certain extent, meaning the security hazards are not completely eliminated. [19][20][21] Thus, there is an urgent need to identify a safe inorganic solid state electrolyte for LFP-based ASSLBs.…”