Penalty of hull and propeller fouling on ship self-propulsion performance

Song, Soonseok; Demirel, Yiğit Kemal; Atlar, Mehmet

doi:10.1016/j.apor.2019.102006

Cited by 66 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Recently, there have been studies using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to investigate the roughness effect on ship resistance (e.g. Demirel et al, 2014;Demirel et al, 2017b;Farkas et al, 2018;Song et al, 2019a) and propeller performance (Owen et al, 2018;Song et al, 2019b), as well as ship self-propulsion characteristics (Song et al, 2020). The merit of using CFD is that the distribution of the local friction velocity, , can be dynamically computed for each discretised cell, and therefore the dynamically varying roughness Reynolds number, + , and corresponding roughness function, + , can be considered in the computation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Effect of Hull Roughness on Ship Resistance

Song

Dai

Demirel

et al. 2021

Journal of Ship Research

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Hull roughness increases ship frictional resistance and, thus, results in economic and environmental penalties. Its effect has been prevalently predicted using the similarity law scaling procedure. However, this method has not yet been validated with experimental data using a model ship. This study presents an experimental investigation into the effect of roughness on ship resistance and provides a validation of the similarity law scaling, by using tank testing of a flat plate and a model ship. Both the plate and the ship were tested in smooth and rough surface conditions, respectively. For the rough surface conditions, sand grit (aluminum oxide abrasive powder) was applied on the surfaces of the flat plate and the ship model. The roughness functions of the rough surface were derived by using the results obtained from the flat plate tests. Using the roughness function and the flat plate towing test, frictional resistance was extrapolated to the length of the model ship following the similarity law scaling procedure. The total resistance of the rough ship model was first predicted using the extrapolated frictional resistance and the result of the smooth ship model, and then compared with the results from the rough ship model. The predicted total resistance coefficients for the rough ship model showed a good agreement with the measured total resistance coefficient of the rough ship model, thus proving the validity of using Granville's similarity law scaling to extrapolate the roughness effect on ship resistance. 1. Introduction Roughness of a ship's hull, which is often caused by hull fouling (Townsin 2003) and corrosion (Tezdogan & Demirel 2014), can dramatically increase the ship resistance and hence its fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the cost associated with dry-docking (Schultz et al. 2011); Granville (1958; 1978). Accordingly, there have been numerous investigations into the roughness effect on ship resistance from the earliest times to the present (e.g., McEntee 1915; Hiraga 1934; Kempf 1937; Benson et al. 1938; Watanabe et al. 1969; Loeb et al. 1984; Lewkowicz & Das 1986; Lewthwaite et al. 1985; Haslbeck & Bohlander 1992; Schultz 1998; Schultz & Swain 1999; Schultz 2002; Schultz 2004; Andrewartha et al. 2010; Schultz et al. 2011; Demirel 2015; Demirel et al. 2017a; Demirel et al. 2019).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Effect of Hull Roughness on Ship Resistance

Song

Dai

Demirel

et al. 2021

Journal of Ship Research

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“…The adverse effects of biofouling on ship performance have been reported from the earliest times [1]. Accordingly, a large number of studies have been devoted to the roughness effect on ship resistance [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. According to the literature, the impact of calcareous (hard shell) fouling is particularly critical and highly dependent on the fouling type and coverage [2,3,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, there have been studies utilising 3D printed artificial calcareous fouling models, e.g. barnacles, oysters or tubeworms [14,[17][18][19][20][21]. They observed significant increases in skin friction according to the sizes and coverage densities of the artificial fouling models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propeller Performance Penalty of Biofouling: Computational Fluid Dynamics Prediction

Song

Demirel

Atlar

2020

Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering

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The negative effect of biofouling on ship resistance has been investigated since the early days of naval architecture. However, for more precise prediction of fuel consumption of ships, understanding the effect of biofouling on ship propulsion performance is also important. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for the full-scale performance of KP505 propeller in open water, including the presence of marine biofouling, were conducted. To predict the effect of barnacle fouling on the propeller performance, experimentally obtained roughness functions of barnacle fouling were used in the wall-function of the CFD software. The roughness effect of barnacles of varying sizes and coverages on the propeller open water performance was predicted for advance coefficients ranging from 0.2 to 0.8. From the simulations, drastic effects of barnacle fouling on the propeller open water performance were found. The result suggests that the thrust coefficient decreases while the torque coefficient increases with increasing level of surface fouling, which leads to a reduction of the open water efficiency of the propeller. Using the obtained result, the penalty of propeller fouling on the required shaft power was predicted. Finally, further investigations were made into the roughness effect on the flow characteristics around the propeller and the results were in correspondence with the findings on the propeller open water performance.

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“…Within this context, the hydrodynamic roughness characteristics on the surface (i.e. skin friction and hence roughness function) are the only meaningful and practical input to these methods, that can be obtained from the tests with the flowcell facilities as described in this paper, to simulate the effect of different coatings and biofouling on the full-scale performance of ships (eg Demirel 2015; Song et al 2019;2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frictional drag measurements of large-scale plates in an enhanced plane channel flowcell

et al. 2020

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Frictional drag measurements of large-scale plates in an enhanced, plane channel, flowcellThis paper describes the design of an enhanced, plane channel, flowcell and its use for testing large-scale coated plates (0.6m x 0.22m) in fully developed flow, over a wide range of Reynolds numbers, with low uncertainty. Two identical, hydraulically smooth plates were experimentally tested. Uniform biofilms were grown on clean surfaces to test skin friction changes resulting from different biofilm thickness and densities. A velocity survey of the flowcell measurement section, using Laser Doppler Anemometry, showed a consistent velocity profile and low turbulence intensity in the central flow channel. The skin friction coefficient was experimentally determined using a pressure drop method. Results correlate closely to previously published regression data, particularly at higher speeds. Repeated measurements indicated very low uncertainty.This study demonstrates this flowcell's applicability for representing consistent frictional drag of ship hull surfaces, enabling comparability of hydrodynamic drag caused by surface roughness to the reference surface measurements.

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Penalty of hull and propeller fouling on ship self-propulsion performance

Cited by 66 publications

References 33 publications

Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Effect of Hull Roughness on Ship Resistance

Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Effect of Hull Roughness on Ship Resistance

Propeller Performance Penalty of Biofouling: Computational Fluid Dynamics Prediction

Frictional drag measurements of large-scale plates in an enhanced plane channel flowcell

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