Pen drawing display

Abstract

As advancements in science and technology, such as the Internet of things, smart home systems, and automobile displays, become increasingly embedded in daily life, there is a growing demand for displays with customized sizes and shapes. This study proposes a pen drawing display technology that can realize a boardless display in any form based on the user’s preferences, without the usual restrictions of conventional frame manufacturing techniques. An advantage of the pen drawing method is that the entire complex fabrication process for the display is encapsulated in a pen. The display components, light-emitting layers, and electrodes are formed using felt-tip drawing pens that contain the required solutions and light-emitting materials. The morphology and thickness of each layer is manipulated by adjusting the drawing speed, number of drawing cycles, and substrate temperature. This study is expected to usher in the upcoming era of customized displays that can reflect individual user needs.

Paper-based wearable electronics

“…Light-emitting electrochemical cells can overcome these issues as a result of in situ formation of a light-emitting p-n junction (Figure 5B) (Asadpoordarvish et al, 2015). Commonly used cellulose paper with microscale fibers serving as a supporting substrate for flexible organic light-emitting displays has also been reported (Jeong et al, 2019). Specifically, a facile pen-drawing approach is employed.…”

“…In addition, paper's intrinsically sustainable, breathable, flexible, biocompatible and biodegradable nature broadens its promising and versatile applications in wearable electronics (Figure 1A). Leveraging scalable manufacturing approaches (e.g., inkjet printing, screen printing) or highly customizable and easily accessible writing process (e.g., pencil or pen writing), myriads of applications have been explored for paper-based wearable electronics, including displaying (Asadpoordarvish et al, 2015;Ha et al, 2018;Jeong et al, 2019), sensing (Mahadeva et al, 2015;Tai et al, 2020), optoelectronics (Ha et al, 2018), energy harvesting and storage (Yao et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2015), and many others (Hamedi et al, 2016;Liao et al, 2020).…”

Direct 2D-to-3D transformation of pen drawings

“…Pen drawing provides advantages related to its high accessibility, high portability, freestyle usability, and on-site manufacturability (29). These properties have led to adopting the pen to on-site and freestyle fabrication in the fields of microfluidics (30)(31)(32)(33), flexible electronics (34)(35)(36), wearable devices (37,38), and displays (39,40). Moreover, the pen-based approach can be combined with existing 2D-printing systems (e.g., pen plotter) to achieve high levels of accuracy and mass producibility.…”

Liquid Metal Printed Optoelectronics Toward Fast Fabrication of Customized and Erasable Patterned Displays

“…As an important window for information interaction in flexible electronics, flexible displays have gradually evolved from rigid displays such as cathode ray tube monitors and flat‐panel liquid crystal displays. [ 1 ] Light‐emitting diode (LED) and organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) are used as the light‐emitting components of the flexible display panel. [ 2 ] However, the fabrication generally requires expensive equipment and complex processes, which limits the expansion of its application.…”