PEMFC Contamination Model: Neutral Species Sorption by Ionomer

St‐Pierre, Jean

doi:10.1149/1.3635564

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…All Figure 2 contaminant behaviors with the exception of case 5 are supported by mathematical models. 9,10,18,19,110 The steady state contamination and irrecoverable performance losses V a −V b and V a −V d have already been emphasized and respectively vary from 0 to 0.9 and −0.02 to 0.8 on a dimensionless cell voltage basis corresponding to 90 and 82% of the 0 to 1 range. Contamination and recovery time scales t b −t a and t d −t c also significantly vary within a ∼0.01 h to ∼28 h range, a greater than 3 orders of magnitude change.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Selected Airborne Contaminants on PEMFC Performance

St‐Pierre

Zhai

Angelo

2013

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Contaminants were selected from the Environmental Protection Agency lists. Six qualitative down selection criteria were used to reduce the list to the 21 1 st tier contaminants. The effect of 1 st tier contaminants, mostly organic with the exception of ozone, on PEMFC performance is reported. The behavior of these contaminants was classified into 5 different cases; no effect, recoverable effect, partly recoverable effect, irrecoverable effect and supra-recoverable effect. The steady state contamination and irrecoverable performance losses respectively varied from 0 to 90% and −2 to 80%. Contamination and recovery time scales significantly varied within a ∼0.01 to ∼28 h range. Acetaldehyde and propene were characterized by the new supra-recoverable effect. For trichlorofluoromethane, iso-propanol and propene, a decrease of the relative humidity led to a significant change in cell performance (steady states, time scales). This effect was ascribed to several causes including the scavenging effect of liquid water by contaminant dissolution and a non zero water reaction order. Two quantitative selection criteria based on observed fuel cell performance were used to reduce the 1 st tier list to 7 2 nd tier contaminants for more resource intensive tests. These 2 nd tier contaminants are acetonitrile, acetylene, bromomethane, iso-propanol, methyl methacrylate, naphthalene and propene.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Selected Airborne Contaminants on PEMFC Performance

St‐Pierre

Zhai

Angelo

2013

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…It is expected that cation contaminants would have an even more pronounced effect on O 2 mass transfer because the O 2 permeability in ionomers is significantly diminished. ,− In contrast, the impact of organic contaminants on O 2 permeability in ionomers remains to be demonstrated and is expected because other ionomer properties are modified such as ionic conductivity …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…10,67−71 In contrast, the impact of organic contaminants on O 2 permeability in ionomers remains to be demonstrated and is expected because other ionomer properties are modified such as ionic conductivity. 72 The contaminant effect on O 2 mass transfer in PEMFCs is similar to the effect of catalyst loading. 73−75 For both cases, the decrease in catalyst active surface area promotes an increase in O 2 mass transfer overpotential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Contamination Mechanisms of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells - Mass Transfer Overpotential Origin

et al. 2020

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Several experimental methods were used to identify the cause of the concurrent increase in kinetic and mass transfer overpotentials during the contamination of proton exchange membrane fuel cells outfitted with a commercially relevant cathode catalyst loading of 0.1 mg Pt per cm2. Neutron images demonstrated that the transport of liquid water through gas diffusion electrode materials was subtly affected by the presence of propene and methyl methacrylate in air at ppm levels (25 to 100 ppm propene, 12.5 to 50 ppm methyl methacrylate). Multioxidant polarization curves were obtained to isolate overpotentials (O2, 21% O2 + 79% He, and air). For all cases, neat air, 50 ppm propene in air, and 25 ppm methyl methacrylate in air, only kinetic and mass transfer overpotentials increased (O2 reduction on a Pt supported on C catalyst, O2 diffusion through the catalyst layer ionomer). Also, only the O2 mass transfer coefficient associated with diffusion in the catalyst layer ionomer increased in the presence of 50 ppm propene and 25 ppm methyl methacrylate. Contaminant species adsorbed on the catalyst decrease the active surface area and increase both the real current density and the O2 reduction kinetic overpotential. The smaller active surface area also brings the real current density closer to the limiting value, inducing an increase of the mass transfer overpotential connected with O2 movement in the ionomer layer covering the catalyst. This mechanism was supported by a mathematical contamination model focused on contaminant and O2 processes on the catalyst surface (adsorption, reaction, desorption).

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“…NH 3 and metal cations). 8,18,19 Several models are available that capture kinetic [24][25][26] and ohmic overpotentials [18][19][20]27,28 during the contamination and recovery studies.…”

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Effect of System Contaminants on the Performance of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Mehrabadi

Dinh

Bender

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The performance loss and recovery of the fuel cell due to Balance of Plant (BOP) contaminants was identified via a combination of experimental data and a mathematical model. The experiments were designed to study the influence of organic contaminants (e.g. those from BOP materials) on the resistance of the catalyst, ionomer and membrane, and a mathematical model was developed that allowed us to separate these competing resistances from the data collected on an operating fuel cell. For this reason, based on the functional groups, four organic contaminants found in BOP materials, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DGMEE), diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate (DGMEA), benzyl alcohol (BzOH) and 2,6-diaminotoluene (2,6-DAT) were infused separately to the cathode side of the fuel cell. The cell voltage and high frequency impedance resistance was measured as a function of time. The contaminant feed was then discontinued and voltage recovery was measured. It was determined that compounds with ion exchange properties like 2,6-DAT can cause voltage loss with non-reversible recovery, so this compound was studied in more detail. The degree of voltage loss increased with an increase in concentration, and/or infusion time, and increased with a decrease in catalyst loadings. The major technical challenges for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) in general are performance, reliability, durability and cost. There is an opportunity to reduce overall system cost by choosing lower cost balance of plant (BOP) materials for PEMFC systems. However, choosing any new system BOP material (e.g., assembly aids, structural plastics, and hoses) without compromising function, fuel cell performance, or life requires understanding the effects of the contaminants that leach from these materials. The contaminants in a fuel cell system originate from the fuel, air, and the different component materials used in construction.Previous studies 1-28 have reported on the effect of contamination on PEMFCs by impurities found in the fuel, fuel-cell components, or the external environment such as carbon monoxide (CO), 8,9 26 It has been demonstrated that even trace amounts of impurities can severely poison the anode, membrane, and cathode, particularly at low-temperature operation.4 These contaminants impact PEMFC performance by hindering kinetics (e.g. CO and H 2 S) or reducing membrane conductivity (e.g. NH 3 and metal cations). 8,18,19 Several models are available that capture kinetic [24][25][26] and ohmic overpotentials [18][19][20]27,28 during the contamination and recovery studies.Although there has been a lot of research on contamination caused by fuel and air side impurities, the effect of contamination originating from system components have only recently been briefly studied. 29-35These results showed that despite the contamination caused by fuel and air side impurities that can effect only the catalyst (e.g., CO) or the membrane (e.g. metal cations), organic contaminants (e.g., those from BOP materials) can have severe effect...

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PEMFC Contamination Model: Neutral Species Sorption by Ionomer

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of Selected Airborne Contaminants on PEMFC Performance

Effect of Selected Airborne Contaminants on PEMFC Performance

Contamination Mechanisms of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells - Mass Transfer Overpotential Origin

Effect of System Contaminants on the Performance of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

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