Pembuatan Pakan Ikan Berbahan Baku Tepung Kepala Udang dan Daun Tarum (Indigofera SP) untuk Peningkatan Nilai Nutrisi Pakan Ikan

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas pakan ikan berbahan baku tepung kepala udang dan daun tarum (Indigofera sp). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 level perlakuan substitusi, yaitu tepung kepala udang 50%, 40%, 35%, 30% dan daun tarum (Indigofera sp) 0%, 10%, 15%, dan 20%. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahap, yaitu tahap pertama adalah pembuatan tepung kepala udang yang sudah bersih dan dikeringkan menggunakan oven, kemudian ditepungkan menggunakan ayakan 80 mesh, sedangkan pembuatan daun tarum (Indigofera sp) dikeringkan menggunakan oven dengan suhu 600C, lalu ditepungkan. Tahap kedua adalah membuat pakan sesuai dengan formulasi yang telah ditentukan dan kemudian hasilnya dilakukan uji proksimat mencakup kandungan protein, karbohidrat, lemak, serat kasar, kadar air, dan kadar abu. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis statistik varian yang kemudian diolah menggunakan SPSS versi 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa substitusi pakan berbahan baku tepung kepala udang dan tepung daun tarum (Indigofera sp) memiliki pengaruh yang sangat signifikan terhadap kadar protein , kadar karbohidrat, kadar serat kasar, kadar air, kadar abu, dan tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar lemak.

Synthesis of Tilapia Feed From a Mixture of Tarum Leaves (Indigosfera sp) and Fermented Shrimp Waste by EM-4 Probiotics

“…Table 1 shows that the results of the protein content test on tarum leaf raw material was 29.98%. The protein content of tarum leaves that can be used as a raw material for the synthesis of tilapia feed is 27.08% with most of the essential amino acid composition [5]. The effect of the percentage addition of tarum leaf flour and fermented shrimp waste with EM-4 probiotics on water content is presented in Figure 1.…”

“…The lowest ash content was found in the percentage of 50% WSW and 50% TLP with 14 ml of EM-4 probiotic, namely 12.32%, while the highest ash content was found in the percentage of 90% WSW and 10% TLP with 22 ml of EM-4 probiotic, namely 13.18%. The high ash content is due to differences in the ash content of the high raw materials for shrimp waste and tarum leaves (Indigofera sp) [5]. Ash in feed includes inorganic components that cannot be consumed.…”

“…Tarum leaves have a protein content of 27,68 -28,98% and a nutritional content 2 -3 times greater than the content of cereal grains. The addition of tarum leaves has the potential to improve nutrition and feed quality for tilapia due to the high protein content in these leaves [5].…”

“…Previous research has done a lot of exploration regarding the manufacture of fish feed. Research conducted by Musdalifah (2019) found a protein content of 27,44%, a fat content of 5,11%; crude fiber content 16,55%; water content 8,36%; and ash content of 21,99% with raw material substitution of 30% shrimp head flour and 20% tarum leaves (indigofera sp). The difference between this research and Musdalifah's research is by fermenting EM-4 first on the shrimp waste, while Musdalifah's research did not fermentation the shrimp waste.…”

“…Shrimp waste and tarum leaves (Indigofera sp) are the main sources of protein resulting in a significant increase in protein [5]. A significant increase in protein levels was due to the high protein content in the raw materials for fermented shrimp waste and tarum leaves (Indigofera sp) [11].…”