Pemberdayaan Nelayan Berbasis Gender dalam Peningkatan Ekonomi Rumah Tangga di Desa Darul Aman, Provinsi Riau

Abstract

Pada tahun 2016, BPS menyatakan bahwa kemiskinan masyarakat nelayan di Kabupaten Bengkalis terus meningkat menjadi 7,38% dari tahun sebelumnya 7,20%. Angka tersebut masih tinggi meskipun Pemerintah Kabupaten Bengkalis telah berupaya mengurangi kemiskinan melalui Program Pemberdayaan Desa (PPD) berbentuk Usaha Ekonomi Desa Simpan Pinjam (UED-SP). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis peran gender dalam rumah tangga nelayan di Desa Darul Aman; 2) menganalisis peran Program Pemberdayaan Unit Ekonomi Desa Simpan Pinjam dalam meningkatkan ekonomi rumah tangga nelayan; serta (2) merumuskan skenario untuk strategi pemberdayaan nelayan berbasis gender. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer merupakan hasil wawancara terhadap 23 responden rumah tangga nelayan, sedangkan data sekunder didapatkan dari kantor UED-SP dan Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Bengkalis. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah kerangka analisis model Moser. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran gender dalam rumah tangga nelayan di Desa Darul Aman masih belum seimbang. Hal itu terjadi karena peran istri dalam aspek reproduktif tidak seimbang dengan suami, sedangkan peran kerja produktif dan peran komunitas didominasi oleh suami. Oleh karena itu, skenario pemberdayaan masyarakat nelayan di Desa Darul Aman adalah mendorong perempuan untuk bekerja atau memiliki usaha sampingan melalui kegiatan usaha kelompok menggunakan dana UED-SP, seperti usaha ikan duri asap, usaha kerupuk ikan lomek renyah (crispy), usaha terasi, dan usaha warung boga bahari (seafood). Title: Gender-Based Fishermen Empowerment in Improving the Household Economy in Darul Aman Village, Riau ProvinceIn 2016, BPS stated that the poverty rate of fisherman communities in Bengkalis Regency continued to increase to 7.38% from the previous year’s 7.20%. This number is still high even though the government in Bengkalis Regency has been trying to reduce poverty through the Village Empowerment Program (PPD) in the form of Savings and Loan Village Economic Business (UED-SP). This study aims to (1) analyze gender roles in fisherman households in Darul Aman Village; 2) analyze the role of the Village Empowerment Program of the Saving – Loan Village Economic Unit (UED-SP) in improving the economy of fisherman households and (2) formulate scenarios for gender-based fishermen empowerment strategies. The method used in this study is the survey method using simple random sampling techniques. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The primary data is the result of interviews with 23 respondents from fisherman households. In contrast, secondary data is obtained from the office of the Saving-Loan Village Economic Unit (UED-SP) and the Bengkalis Regency Marine and Fisheries Office. Data analysis used in this study is the Moser model analysis framework. The results showed that gender roles in fisherman households in Darul Aman Village were still not balanced. This is due to the role of the wife in the reproductive aspect is not balanced with the husband, while the role of productive work and the role of community are dominated by husbands. Therefore, empowering the fishermen community in Darul Aman Village encourages women to work or have side businesses through group business activities using UED-SP funds such as smoked thorn fish business group, crispy “lomek” fish cracker business, shrimp-paste business and seafood stall business.

Keberhasilan Program P2WKSS Kampung Pamyonan

“…Pemberdayaan masyarakat sebagai suatu konsep pembangunan ternyata berangkat dari isu ketimpangan gender. Ketimpangan gender masih dirasakan terutama oleh perempuan pada beberapa aspek kehidupan (Trivianti et al, 2022). Instruksi presiden Nomor 9 Tahun 2000 berisi tentang Pengarusutamaan Gender dalam Pembangunan Nasional.…”

Empowerment of Gender-Based Small-Scale Fishers to Strengthen the Coastal Economy: Case Study Batang Regency

“…Women have a very dominant role, almost all domestic activities such as taking care of children and taking care of the household such as cooking, shopping for household needs, and maintaining family health are carried out by women. According to Putri & Lestari (2015) and Trivianti et al (2022), the large gap between women and men still occurs due to several factors where patriarchal cultural factors still dominate in fishing households which make women more in the domestic sector while men are more in the public sector. In addition, more men's activities in the sea, making their role in taking care of the household not dominant, where when they return from sea activities, most of them will make preparations for sea the next day.…”

“…The division of roles in reproductive roles can be balanced between women and men regardless of the patriarchal culture that is still inherent in society. Men can be involved in the domestic sector if there is spaciousness, besides that men's involvement provides opportunities for women to be able to actively participate in other activities outside their domestic activities (Trivianti et al, 2022). Although the role of women is still more dominant, men also have a fairly good share and awareness, if household activities are also part of their responsibilities as husbands.…”

“…In productive activities, men and women should have equal opportunities, but often women are only involved in household work or petty trade (Moser, 2014) Meanwhile, men are more likely to work in the productive sector, in this case, fishing and processing the catch. RThe low involvement of women in the productive sector occurs due to several factors, one of which is environmental factors which still assume that earning a living is the husband's responsibility so that women only focus on the household (Trivianti et al, 2022)Even though women do not yet dominate the role of production, the participation of women in the production sector provides great benefits for maintaining the economic stability of their families. Where uncertain climatic conditions result in fewer fish catches, resulting in reduced family income.…”

“…Women's participation in economic activities has a positive effect on the family economy because of the additional income obtained (Kusumawardhani &;Susilowati, 2021). In addition, the balance between men and women participating in community activities provides great opportunities for the implementation of fishing community empowerment programs (Trivianti et al, 2022).…”