PEM fuel cell CL characterization using a standalone FIB and SEM: Experiments and simulation

Lange, Kyle J.; Carlsson, Håkan; Stewart, I. G.; Sui, Pang‐Chieh; Herring, Rodney A.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2012.08.082

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The effective transport properties of the MPL are calculated on the reconstructed MPL domain using a pore-scale model originally developed for catalyst layers [33,34] and recently adapted to gas diffusion layers [32]. The pore scale model uses a parallelized finite volume method that allows resolved simulation of coupled transport in large computational domains.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-porous layer stochastic reconstruction and transport parameter determination

Hannach

Singh

Djilali

et al. 2015

Journal of Power Sources

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Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-porous layer stochastic reconstruction and transport parameter determination

Hannach

Singh

Djilali

et al. 2015

Journal of Power Sources

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“…[286][287][288][289][290][291][292][293][294][295] However, since it is a much more complicated structure with much smaller domain sizes and a lower amount of knowledge and imaging, such simulations and stochastic reconstructions are challenging, with limited image-based approaches being used. 294 The challenge is offset by the need since catalyst layers are the most important layers.…”

Section: Catalyst-layer Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Modeling Transport Phenomena in Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Weber

Borup

Darling³

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

485

394

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Polymer-electrolyte fuel cells are a promising energy-conversion technology. Over the last several decades significant progress has been made in increasing their performance and durability, of which continuum-level modeling of the transport processes has played an integral part. In this review, we examine the state-of-the-art modeling approaches, with a goal of elucidating the knowledge gaps and needs going forward in the field. In particular, the focus is on multiphase flow, especially in terms of understanding interactions at interfaces, and catalyst layers with a focus on the impacts of ionomer thin-films and multiscale phenomena. Overall, we highlight where there is consensus in terms of modeling approaches as well as opportunities for further improvement and clarification, including identification of several critical areas for future research. Fuel cells may become the energy-delivery devices of the 21 st century. Although there are many types of fuel cells, polymer-electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) are receiving the most attention for automotive and small stationary applications. In a PEFC, fuel and oxygen are combined electrochemically. If hydrogen is used as the fuel, it oxidizes at the anode releasing proton and electrons according toThe generated protons are transported across the membrane and the electrons across the external circuit. At the cathode catalyst layer, protons and electrons recombine with oxygen to generate waterAlthough the above electrode reactions are written in single step, multiple elementary reaction pathways are possible at each electrode. During the operation of a PEFC, many interrelated and complex phenomena occur. These processes include mass and heat transfer, electrochemical reactions, and ionic and electronic transport. * Electrochemical Society Active Member. z E-mail: azweber@lbl.govOver the last several decades significant progress has been made in increasing PEFC performance and durability. Such progress has been enabled by experiments and computation at multiple scales, with the bulk of the focus being on optimizing and discovering new materials for the membrane-electrode-assembly (MEA), composed of the proton-exchange membrane (PEM), catalyst layers, and diffusionmedia (DM) backing layers. In particular, continuum modeling has been invaluable in providing understanding and insight into processes and phenomena that cannot be resolved or uncoupled through experiments. While modeling of the transport and related phenomena has progressed greatly, there are still some critical areas that need attention. These areas include modeling the catalyst layer and multiphase phenomena in the PEFC porous media.While there have been various reviews over the years of PEFC modeling 1-7 and issues, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] as well as numerous books and book chapters, there is a need to examine critically the field in terms of what has been done and what needs to be done. This review serves that purpose with a focus on transport modeling of PEFCs. This is not meant to be an exhaustive review...

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“…These, together with the development in computational physics, have substantially improved our understanding of some fundamental transport and reaction processes in the catalyst layer, which would remain unknown otherwise [20][21][22]. There has been a surge in use of tomography and pore-scale model over the past few years to visualise and simulate catalyst layers [23]. For a catalyst layer with its 3D structure acquired by tomography, one can numerically calculate the average oxygen reduction rate within it under different operating conditions and then save the results in tabular forms as an input database for fuel cell modelling [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A proposed agglomerate model for oxygen reduction in the catalyst layer of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Zhang

Gao

Ostadi

et al. 2014

Electrochimica Acta

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Citation: ZHANG, X. ... et al, 2014. A proposed agglomerate model for oxygen reduction in the catalyst layer of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Electrochimica Acta, 150, pp.320 328. Additional Information:• This is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Electrochimica Acta. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. Oxygen diffusion and reduction in the catalyst layer of PEM fuel cell is an important process 3 in fuel cell modelling, but models able to link the reduction rate to catalyst-layer structure are 4 lack; this paper makes such an effort. We first link the average reduction rate over the 5 agglomerate within a catalyst layer to a probability that an oxygen molecule, which is 6 initially on the agglomerate surface, will enter and remain in the agglomerate at any time in 7 the absence of any electrochemical reaction. We then propose a method to directly calculate 8 distribution function of this probability and apply it to two catalyst layers with contrasting 9 structures. A formula is proposed to describe these calculated distribution functions, from 10 which the agglomerate model is derived. The model has two parameters and both can be 11 independently calculated from catalyst layer structures. We verify the model by first showing 12 that it is an improvement and able to reproduce what the spherical model describes, and then 13 testing it against the average oxygen reductions directly calculated from pore-scale 14 simulations of oxygen diffusion and reaction in the two catalyst layers. The proposed model 15 is simple, but significant as it links the average oxygen reduction to catalyst layer structures, 16 and its two parameters can be directly calculated rather than by calibration.

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PEM fuel cell CL characterization using a standalone FIB and SEM: Experiments and simulation

Cited by 26 publications

References 44 publications

Micro-porous layer stochastic reconstruction and transport parameter determination

Micro-porous layer stochastic reconstruction and transport parameter determination

A Critical Review of Modeling Transport Phenomena in Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cells

A proposed agglomerate model for oxygen reduction in the catalyst layer of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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