Pelvic Tolerance and Protection Criteria in Side Impact

Cesari, Dominique; Ramet, Michelle

doi:10.4271/821159

Cited by 62 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Such microfractures may have affected the impact response of the pelves under subsequent impacts by reducing peak forces and increasing compression levels. The fracture types seen in the present study (e.g., rami and acetabulum) were consistent, however, with those typically observed in experimental side impacts 3,[8][9][10]29 and in motor vehicle crashes. [12][13][14]25 In conclusion, the present results suggest the relative importance of trochanteric soft tissue thickness and bone mineral density on pelvic fracture for women in automotive side impacts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…9,29 It also created the possibility for microfractures that may not have been visible in our radiographic examinations. Such microfractures may have affected the impact response of the pelves under subsequent impacts by reducing peak forces and increasing compression levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A compressed air reservoir and pneumatic cylinder accelerated a 22.1-kg impact mass with a 3 × 4 flat aluminum striker to impact velocities similar to previous experiments. 5,9,29 The first six specimens (#83-86, 88, 89) were impacted initially at a velocity of 3.31 ± 0.07 m/s. Upon radiographic examination, no fractures were observed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have reported predictive equations of pelvic fracture that incorporated height and weight measures to account for anthropometric differences between cadaveric specimens 7,8,9,32 (Table 1). For example, Cesari and Ramet 9 developed an equation using the Livi Index (Li = 10 (specimen weight) 1/3 /height) and extrapolated a fracture force of 4.4 kN for the 5th percentile female.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,14 Experimental side impacts using cadavers have produced similar fracture patterns. 3,[8][9][10]29 The severity of pelvic fractures is commonly classified according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale 1 (AIS), where closed pelvic fractures with or without dislocation are scored as AIS = 2; while open, displaced, or comminuted fractures are scored AIS = 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Trochanteric Soft Tissues and Bone Density on Fracture of the Female Pelvis in Experimental Side Impacts

et al. 2005

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Pelvic fractures continue to be a source of morbidity and mortality for occupants in motor vehicle side impacts, especially among women. Previous studies have produced fracture tolerances for the female pelvis, yet the roles of soft tissues and bone quality remain unclear. Presently, we studied the influence of trochanteric soft tissue thickness (T) and total hip bone mineral density (BMD) on pelvic fracture of 10 female human pelves subject to lateral impact centered over the greater trochanter. Multiple impacts of increasing severity were performed and impact force, energy, impulse, compression, and viscous criteria were quantified. BMD and T were found to be additive predictors of the fracture force. For a given BMD, the force to fracture was significantly higher than that found previously using isolated pelvic bones. Impulse was found to positively correlate with T; however, maximum compression, viscous criterion, and energy to fracture were independent of BMD and T. The force tolerance at 25% probability of fracture found presently (3.16 kN) is substantially below previously reported values. The results suggest that the trochanteric soft tissue thickness and total hip BMD have a significant bearing on fracture outcome for the female pelvis in automotive side impact.

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