Pelvic limb alignment measured by computed tomography in purebred English Bulldogs with medial patellar luxation

Lusetti, Filippo; Bonardi, Andrea; Eid, Chadi; Bellesini, Anna Brandstetter De; Martini, Filippo Maria

doi:10.3415/vcot-16-07-0116

Cited by 24 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Use of CT in veterinary orthopedics has grown substantially in the recent decade, supporting accurate and efficient imaging of complex bone deformities. 9,12,18,19 However, new methods are required to make the best use of CT image data to improve clinical patient management. Axial alignment is particularly difficult to assess.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of overall thoracic limb axial alignment in dogs with antebrachial deformity

Cooley

Kroner²,

Muir

et al. 2018

Veterinary Surgery

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Objective To assess overall thoracic limb axial alignment in dogs with and without angular limb deformity (ALD). Study design Ex vivo and retrospective observational clinical study. Animals Forty canine thoracic limbs from bilateral normal specimens (10 pairs) and unilateral antebrachial ALD (10 uniapical and 10 biapical deformities). Methods Computed tomography images of the entire thoracic limb were collected for multiplanar reconstruction. Baseline limb axis was defined by the humeral anatomic axis. Axial alignment of the distal humerus, proximal and distal radius, and metacarpal bones were obtained and compared among levels and groups. Results The mean overall thoracic limb rotation of normal dogs was 35.4 ° (95% CI, 27.2 °, 43.6 °). Mean overall limb rotation in uniapical and biapical deformity was 41.6 ° (95% CI, 33.0 °, 50.1 °) and 54.4 ° (95% CI, 45.8 °, 62.9 °), respectively, but was not statistically different (P = .096). Only overall limb rotation in limbs with biapical ALD was different from normal limbs (P = .008). Rotation at the level of the elbow was 77% and 85% of overall limb rotation in normal and deformity limbs, respectively, and was increased from normal in limbs with ALD (both P < .05). Radial torsion did not differ among groups but was moderately correlated with overall limb rotation. Conclusion Rotation arising in the elbow of limbs with ALD was higher than in normal limbs and accounted for the greatest contribution of overall limb rotation. Clinical significance Assessment of radial torsion alone is insufficient to understand overall limb axial alignment in dogs with antebrachial bone deformity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of overall thoracic limb axial alignment in dogs with antebrachial deformity

Cooley

Kroner²,

Muir

et al. 2018

Veterinary Surgery

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“…Medial patellar luxation is a common orthopaedic condition in dogs, 1 often associated with angular or torsional deformities of the femur, tibia or both. [1][2][3] The majority of work relating to preoperative diagnostic imaging of the pelvic limb considers the femur or tibia in isolation, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] with only one study examining radiographic whole limb alignment. 11 Theoretically, objective assessment of the patellotrochlear unit in relation to the entire pelvic limb could offer advantages for surgical planning, and support the clinical recommendations for assessing patellar luxation patients as proposed previously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stifle Joint Rotational Variation in Extended Stifles in Healthy Dogs Undergoing Computed Tomography Examinations

Allberg

McEvoy

Buelund

et al. 2020

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol

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Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate stifle joint rotational stability in response to body position and repositioning in dogs undergoing computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods Nine dogs (18 stifles) with no history or clinical signs of stifle injury undergoing CT examinations for other reasons were included in the study. Dogs were positioned in alternating dorsal and sternal recumbency with the pelvic limbs extended caudally and unrestrained, for a total of four examinations. Scans included the entire tibia and distal femur. Using defined landmarks on the tibia and femur, stifle joint rotational angles were measured from multiplanar reconstructions made by two independent observers, and repositioning effects and intra- and interobserver agreement evaluated. Results Repositioning produced repeatable stifle joint rotational angles (pooled within-subject standard deviations of 0.9° and 1.4°) and intraobserver repeatability was good (within-subject standard deviations 1.4°), but interobserver agreement was poor. Dorsal and sternal positioning produced equivalent results. Clinical Significance The results indicate that little rotation occurs in the healthy extended canine stifle joint during positioning for CT and support CT as a method for assessing limb alignment around the stifle joint, provided that the limb distal to the femorotibial joint is unrestrained. Clinically, it is likely that measured changes in rotational angles across (and distant to) the stifle joint are real, rather than being due to rotation artefact during imaging.

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“…1). In adult medium to large dog breeds with normal hip joint morphology the FNA has been reported to be within the range of 129.11° to 153.8° degree (Hauptman et al, 1979;Hauptman et al, 1985;Sumner et al, 1990;Martins et al, 2012;Lusetti et al, 2017). However, there are many relatively common congenital and developmental conditions where the FNA deviates significantly from the normal such as coxa valga where the FNA is above the normal, and coxa vara where the FNA is lower than normal (Adams et al, 2017).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historically the FNA has been measured using a variety of techniques including routine radiography (Montavon et al, 1985;Sumner et al, 1990;Sarierler, 2004;Palierne et al, 2006), and more recently two-dimensional (2D) (Ocal et al, 2004;Bäcker, 2010;Lusetti et al, 2017) and three-dimensional (3D) recon-structed computed tomography (CT) (Hartel et al, 2016;Savio et al, 2016). Measurement of the FNA using routine classical radiographic methods can be technically challenging and time consuming as well as being subject to operator experience and biases (Dudley et al, 2006;Jackson and Wendelburg, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

Measurement of the femoral neck angle in medium and large dog breeds using computed tomography

Aiyan

Richardson

Manchi

et al. 2019

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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The aim of this study was to get precise normal values of the femoral neck angle (FNA) in support of developing an optimally functioning total hip prosthesis for medium and large dog breeds. Accordingly, two- and three-dimensional computed tomographic images of the anatomical structures of the proximal femora of 58, hip-dysplasia-free, mature dogs of medium and large breeds were studied. Based on the length of their femora the dogs were allocated to Group I (from 145 to 195 mm) and Group II (from 196 to 240 mm). The FNA was measured on each femur using multi-slice spiral computed tomography (CT). The two- and three-dimensional image data were processed as multi-planar and threedimensional reconstructions using Advantage Workstation software. The CT measurements revealed that Group I had an average femoral neck angle of 147.59° (min. 144.05°, max. 153.35°), while in Group II the average FNA was 147.46° (min. 141°, max. 154.35°). There was no significant correlation between the length of the femur and the FNA in either group. The optimal FNA for a total hip prosthesis is 147.5° for medium and large dog breeds.

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Pelvic limb alignment measured by computed tomography in purebred English Bulldogs with medial patellar luxation

Abstract: In our population, an increased distal femoral varus was associated with medial patellar luxation. Our results could be useful to determine whether or not angular deformity of the femur is present and help determine the degree of correction necessary to restore alignment.

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Assessment of overall thoracic limb axial alignment in dogs with antebrachial deformity

Assessment of overall thoracic limb axial alignment in dogs with antebrachial deformity

Stifle Joint Rotational Variation in Extended Stifles in Healthy Dogs Undergoing Computed Tomography Examinations

Measurement of the femoral neck angle in medium and large dog breeds using computed tomography

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