Pelletron accelerators for very high voltage

Tribogenerators

“…The newer Pelletron generators were made of chains of metal pellets, joined by insulating nylon links, that are charged by induction [15] dispensing with the rubbing contacts or corona discharges used in Van de Graaff generators. Pelletron generators reach 25 million volts, producing highly uniform ion beams [16] and they have been used for producing secondary beams of unstable nuclei [17], to investigate silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors (SiGe HBTs) [18] and other applications of ion beam interactions with materials and atoms.…”

Accelerator Mass Spectrometry for 14 C Dating

“…Two different systems are used to generate the high voltage at the terminal. One exploits the transmission of charge from ground to the terminal by a rotating belt made of insulating rubber (as in the old Van de Graaff systems) [46] or, similarly, by a chain of metal pellets connected by insulating nylon links (as in the Pelletron systems [47] from National Electrostatic Corporation, NEC). The other is based on a cascade generator, working on the same principle as the Cockroft-Walton voltage multiplier.…”

Recent Advances in Design for Low- and Medium-Energy Heavy Ion Accelerators

“…Pelletron chains, 8 consisting of short metal cylinders coupled by insulating links are employed in the machines built by National Electrostatics Corporation (NEC). The Daresbury tandem and the HVEC modernizations utilize the Laddertron 9 system which resembles a chain ladder with closely spaced rungs insulated from each other.…”