Pellet wastage, and subsurface and surface feeding behaviours associated with different feeding systems in sea cage farming of salmonids

Ang, Keng Pee; Petrell, Royann J.

doi:10.1016/s0144-8609(98)00026-0

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In BOFF, feed was distributed by canon, which can be considered practically as a manual system, and, in addition, was supplied only one or two times a day, so feeding efficiency is low. In salmonids, it was reported that the feeding regime and food distribution influence the amount of feed lost in sea cages with a large number of fish [65][66][67].…”

Section: Alternative 1: Fcr Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Production in Offshore Fish Farms

Garcı́a¹,

Jiménez

Aguado‐Giménez

et al. 2016

Sustainability

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Abstract:Life cycle assessment is used in this study to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of producing gilthead seabream in an offshore sea farm exposed to storms in the Spanish Mediterranean Sea. The farming methods used can be considered as "basic" since no centralized or automatic food distribution system exists and there is no control system. This study aims to identify the main hotspots under these conditions and to propose and compare viable alternatives to them. Contribution analysis found that the component of the system with the greatest potential environmental impact (48% of the overall impact) was fish feed, especially the raw material used. Other contributory factors were the fuel consumed by the vessels operating in the farm (35%), the dumping of N and P in the environment due to the metabolism of the fish (12%), the cages and their anchorage system (5%). A sensitivity analysis showed that a significant reduction in potential environmental impact can be achieved by increasing feeding efficiency. Feed formulation in raw materials is also an important factor and could serve to diminish overall adverse effects. A balance needs to be found between productive performance (growth, survival and feed conversion rate), feed price and its influence on production costs and the overall environmental consequences.

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Section: Alternative 1: Fcr Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Production in Offshore Fish Farms

Garcı́a¹,

Jiménez

Aguado‐Giménez

et al. 2016

Sustainability

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“…With this system feeding time and quantity of released food can be monitored and related to a wide range of environmental parameters measured simultaneously. Ang and Petrell (1998) described feeding patterns in terms of general fish feeding behaviors that occurred while using different systems in field conditions. Feeding fish behaviors and pellet waste were recorded prior, during feeding, and at feeding endpoint with the use of underwater cameras.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuzzy-logic-based feeder system for intensive tilapia production (Oreochromis niloticus)

et al. 2009

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In high-fish-density aquaculture systems, tilapia producers are compelled to provide 100% of food required to obtain profitable growth rates. It is well known that fish have a low food conversion rate and feeding represents the most important expenditure, approximately 40% of total production cost. Therefore, precise quantities of food should be provided to avoid water pollution and economic losses due to food waste when water conditions are inadequate for fish feeding. A way to control food provisions in this work was determined by the conditions of temperature, dissolved oxygen, fish age, and body weight, since these variables have a direct effect on fish metabolism and growth. Thus, a change in metabolism is reflected in a modification of energy requirements and, as a consequence, in variations of food consumption. In this work, a new feeder with fuzzylogic control algorithms is proposed for fish feeding; this technique allows farmer knowledge to be taken into account in a series of if-then-type rules. To define these rules the temperature and dissolve oxygen were considered in order to provide precise food quantities. The results show minimal differences in growth (P [ 0.05) between treatments, important food saving of 29.12% (equivalent to 105.3 kg), and lower water pollution (reduced water dissolved solids and ammonium components) compared with timed feeders. This system provides an important contribution to sustainability of intensive aquaculture systems, increasing productivity and profitability, and optimizing water use.

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“…If food is presented at too fast a rate, it may be wasted because the fish are unable to capture and swallow it before it passes out of the rearing unit (Ang & Petrell 1998). This is especially important in cage farming systems, where pellets may quickly pass out of reach of the fish.…”

Section: Solutions To Problems For Fish Culture Arising From Natural mentioning

confidence: 99%

Appetite and Feed Intake

Jobling

Alanärä

Noble

et al. 2012

Aquaculture and Behavior

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This chapter first describes changes in appetite that occur over different time scales in wild fish and the physiological mechanisms that generate these changes. It then gives an account of how food intake and appetite change as young fish develop and mature and the effects of genetic variation and differential experience on these processes. The costs of sustaining a high rate of food intake are then described, as is the way in which these are balanced against the obvious benefits of gaining a good supply of nutrients. The benefits gained by regular appetite cycles are also considered. The implications of natural appetite patterns for fish culture are then discussed, including problems arising from underfeeding and overfeeding and those resulting from failure to match feed delivery to current appetite. Underfeeding causes slow, uneven growth and high levels of aggression, as well as stress and mortality, while overfeeding may result in inefficient production and adverse environmental impact. Potential solutions to such problems are discussed, including the use of on-demand feeding systems that match delivery to appetite. The effects of domestication and captive rearing on feed intake are then considered, together with possible ways of mitigating such effects in fish that are cultured for release.

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Pellet wastage, and subsurface and surface feeding behaviours associated with different feeding systems in sea cage farming of salmonids

Cited by 39 publications

References 18 publications

Life Cycle Assessment of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Production in Offshore Fish Farms

Life Cycle Assessment of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Production in Offshore Fish Farms

Fuzzy-logic-based feeder system for intensive tilapia production (Oreochromis niloticus)

Appetite and Feed Intake

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