The deployment of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for surveillance and monitoring gives rise to the confidential information leakage challenge in both civilian and military environments. The security and covert communication problems for a pair of terrestrial nodes against UAV surveillance are considered in this paper. To overcome the information leakage and increase the transmission reliability, a multi-hop relaying strategy is deployed. We aim to optimize the throughput by carefully designing the parameters of the multi-hop network, including the coding rates, transmit power, and required number of hops. In the secure transmission scenario, the expressions of the connection probability and secrecy outage probability of an end-to-end path are derived and the closed-form expressions of the optimal transmit power, transmission and secrecy rates under a fixed number of hops are obtained. In the covert communication problem, under the constraints of the detection error rate and aggregate power, the sub-problem of transmit power allocation is a convex problem and can be solved numerically. Simulation shows the impact of network settings on the transmission performance. The trade-off between secrecy/covertness and efficiency of the multi-hop transmission is discussed which leads to the existence of the optimal number of hops.
Index TermsPhysical layer security, unmanned aerial vehicle, covert communication, multi-hop network. DRAFT 6 the two joint distributions under different hypotheses. The optimization of transmit power at each hop turns to be a convex optimization problem and could be solved numerically. The expression of the optimal transmission rate is also derived, and the optimal number of hops is evaluated.Note that though there exist some differences between the secrecy and covert communications in problem construction and solving procedures, the considered problems in secrecy and covert communication parts are closely related. First, both problems aim to guarantee the transmission security in the multi-hop networks. Secrecy communication prevents information being demodulated and covert communication conceals the transmission from being detected by the UAV.Second, there exists a trade-off between the security and efficiency in both secrecy and covert communications. The increase of number of hops will degrade UAV's wiretapping and detecting ability and result in the increase of transmission rate, but more time for receiving information will be required and more chances for wiretapping/detecting signals will be provided. In addition, both problems maximize the end-to-end throughput, and the opposite influence of transmission rate on connection probability and the coding rate which are two important component of the throughput leads to the existence of optimal secrecy rate in secrecy communication and transmissions rate in covert communication.
C. Related WorksMore recently, PLS and covert communications have also been extended to multi-hop relaying systems [33], [35]-[37]. Specifically, in [33], the optimal pa...