Pelagic Plankton Growth and Resource Limitations in the Baltic Sea

Hagström, Åke; Azam, Farooq; Kuparinen, Jorma; Zweifel, Ulla Li

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-04453-7_7

Cited by 50 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Bacteria, pico-phytoplankton and heterotrophic nano-flagellates manage to survive without external nutrient supply and primary production is sustained by the nutrients regenerated by the heterotrophic nano-flagellate activity (Hagström et al 2001). In this context BGE is related to the availability of nutrients, and ranges from 0.22 to 0.33, which is in good agreement with the observations in terms of behaviour and values (del Giorgio et al 1997, del Giorgio & Cole 1998.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In such systems there is significant competition between bacteria and phytoplankton for inorganic nutrients (Thingstad & Rassoulzadegan 1999, Hagström et al 2001, and heterotrophic nanoflagellate excretion products (DOM and inorganic nutrients) are a significant source of nutrients for both bacteria and pico-phytoplankton (Hagström et al 2001). This ecosystem structure is often referred to as the 'microbial loop' (Azam et al 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Model of interactions between dissolved organic carbon and bacteria in marine systems

Polimene¹,

Allen²,

Zavatarelli³

2006

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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We propose a theoretical model describing the interactions between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and bacteria and the mechanisms leading to DOC accumulation. The model assumes that DOC cycling time-scales may vary depending on the chemical characteristics of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) and describes the temporal variability of the bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) in response to changing availability of nutrients, semi-labile and semi-refractory DOC. The conceptual framework is tested in a zero-dimensional numerical model in 2 different contexts: a diatom-bacteria system, and a microbial loop system (with bacteria, pico-phytoplankton and heterotrophic nano-flagellates). Sensitivity analyses were performed on both systems by varying the initial conditions of nutrients. Model simulations highlight the link between DOC accumulation and nutrient availability and reproduce some of the observed bacterial and microbial loop features such as the competition between bacteria and phytoplankton for nutrients and the BGE decrease in the transition from eutrophic to oligotrophic conditions. In the microbial loop simulations the model reaches a steady state and the system sustains itself without invoking external sources of N and P. KEY WORDS: Bacterial growth efficiency · DOC cycling · Microbial loop · Ecological modellingResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model of interactions between dissolved organic carbon and bacteria in marine systems

Polimene¹,

Allen²,

Zavatarelli³

2006

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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“…We therefore conclude that the addition of riverine DOC, being half of the total DOC, notably changed the composition compared to the prevailing marine (mainly phytoplankton-derived) DOC in the seawater. Thus, the SWR mesocosms contained a higher proportion of refractory DOM than SW. Our data agree with the report that the more labile forms of DOC are better retained in sea ice than the refractory forms (e.g., humic acids) (Jørgensen et al, submitted for publication;Müller et al, 2013), and that the DOC_n concentrations in ice may be even lower than in the under-ice water when the water contains higher concentrations of soil-derived DOC (Granskog et al, 2005;Hagström et al, 2001). Furthermore, Dittmar and Kattner (2003b) referred to the intramolecular contraction and coiling of humic acids with increasing salinity to explain differences of their behavior in size-exclusion chromatography.…”

Section: The Particular Cases Of Si(oh) 4 and Docsupporting

confidence: 92%

Physical and bacterial controls on inorganic nutrients and dissolved organic carbon during a sea ice growth and decay experiment

et al. 2014

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oWe investigated how physical incorporation, brine dynamics and bacterial activity regulate the distribution of inorganic nutrients and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in artificial sea ice during a 19-day experiment that included periods of both ice growth and decay. The experiment was performed using two series of mesocosms: the first consisted of seawater and the second consisted of seawater enriched with humic-rich river water. We grew ice by freezing the water at an air temperature of −14°C for 14 days after which ice decay was induced by increasing the air temperature to −1°C. Using the ice temperatures and bulk ice salinities, we derived the brine volume fractions, brine salinities and Rayleigh numbers. The temporal evolution of these physical parameters indicates that there was two main stages in the brine dynamics: bottom convection during ice growth, and brine stratification during ice decay. The major findings are: (1) the incorporation of dissolved compounds (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, silicate, and DOC) into the sea ice was not conservative (relative to salinity) during ice growth. Brine convection clearly influenced the incorporation of the dissolved compounds, since the non-conservative behavior of the dissolved compounds was particularly pronounced in the absence of brine convection. (2) Bacterial activity further regulated nutrient availability in the ice: ammonium and nitrite accumulated as a result of remineralization processes, although bacterial production was too low to induce major changes in DOC concentrations. (3) Different forms of DOC have different properties and hence incorporation efficiencies. In particular, the terrestrially-derived DOC from the river water was less efficiently incorporated into sea ice than the DOC in the seawater. Therefore the main factors regulating the distribution of the dissolved compounds within sea ice are clearly a complex interaction of brine dynamics, biological activity and in the case of dissolved organic matter, the physico-chemical properties of the dissolved constituents themselves.

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“…In the open ocean siderophores however were shown to only contribute 0.2-4.6% to the dissolved iron complexation capacity (Mawji et al, 2008). The contribution of siderophores may be higher here, but the main proportion of iron complexing substances in coastal seawater, and especially in the Baltic Sea, would be dissolved organic matter (DOM) such as humic and fulvic acids (Hagström et al, 2001;Öztürk et al, 2002;Rose and Waite, 2003;Bergström et al, 2001), which can be present in truly dissolved or colloidal form (Hassellöv, 2005;Wells, 1998). DOM in the Baltic Sea is largely of terrestrial origin and subject to seasonality (Stedmon et al, 2007;Pempkowiak, 1983) and was shown to complex and transport trace metals into this land locked sea (Pettersson et al, 1997a;Pempkowiak, 1991).…”

Section: Phytoplankton Bloom Dynamics and Organic Fe(iii)-complexationmentioning

confidence: 84%

Dissolved iron (II) in the Baltic Sea surface water and implications for cyanobacterial bloom development

Breitbarth

Gelting²,

Walve

et al. 2009

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Iron chemistry measurements were conducted during summer 2007 at two distinct locations in the Baltic Sea (Gotland Deep and Landsort Deep) to evaluate the role of iron for cyanobacterial bloom development in these estuarine waters. Depth profiles of Fe(II) were measured by chemiluminescent flow injection analysis (CL-FIA). Up to 0.9 nmol Fe(II) L −1 were detected in light penetrated surface waters, which constitutes up to 20% to the dissolved Fe pool. This bioavailable iron source is a major contributor to the Fe requirements of Baltic Sea phytoplankton and apparently plays a major role for cyanobacterial bloom development during our study. Measured Fe(II) half life times in oxygenated water exceed predicted values and indicate organic Fe(II) complexation. Potential sources for Fe(II) ligands, including rainwater, are discussed. Fe(II) concentrations of up to 1.44 nmol L −1 were detected at water depths below the euphotic zone, but above the oxic anoxic interface. Mixed layer depths after strong wind events are not deep enough in summer time to penetrate the oxic-anoxic boundary layer. However, Fe(II) from anoxic bottom water may enter the sub-oxic zone via diapycnal mixing and diffusion.Correspondence to: E. Breitbarth (ebreitbarth@chemistry.otago.ac.nz)

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Pelagic Plankton Growth and Resource Limitations in the Baltic Sea

Cited by 50 publications

References 78 publications

Model of interactions between dissolved organic carbon and bacteria in marine systems

Model of interactions between dissolved organic carbon and bacteria in marine systems

Physical and bacterial controls on inorganic nutrients and dissolved organic carbon during a sea ice growth and decay experiment

Dissolved iron (II) in the Baltic Sea surface water and implications for cyanobacterial bloom development

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