Pelagic fish predation is stronger at temperate latitudes than near the equator

Roesti, Marius; Anstett, Daniel N.; Freeman, Benjamin G.; Lee‐Yaw, Julie A.; Schluter, Dolph; Chavarie, Louise; Rolland, Jonathan; Holzman, Roi

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15335-4

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Except the LDGs, study on pelagic fish predation also found a bimodal gradients that stronger predation was higher at temperate than equatorial area (Roesti et al, 2020). Therefore, latitudinal gradients on other topics, such as phylogenetic, physiological, functional traits or ecological interaction of fish are worth for future study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal diversity gradients for five taxonomic levels of marine fish in depth zones

Lin

Corkrey

Kaschner

et al. 2020

Ecological Research

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Latitudinal diversity gradients (LDGs) of species richness in most marine taxa appear to be bimodal with a dip at the equator. We compared LDGs for modeled ranges of 5,619 marine fish species, and distinguished between: all, pelagic, demersal, bony and cartilaginous fish groups; five taxonomic levels of class, order, family, genus and species; and four depth zones namely whole water column, 0–200 m, 200–1,000 m, and 1,000–6,000 m; at 5° latitudinal intervals. The modality of 88 LDGs was examined visually and using Hartigan's dip statistic. We found 80 LDGs were bimodal (or not unimodal), two gradients were unimodal and six gradients were ambiguous. All species and genera, and 19 families among fish groups and depth zones had bimodal or not unimodal LDGs. The northern hemisphere mode had 2–6% greater richness from species to order richness. Overall fish, the peak of richness shifted poleward across taxonomic levels, from 25°N for species to median 48°N for class and from 10°S for genus to 35°S for class. Temperature and salinity were significantly correlated with the LDG. Our findings using fish species ranges support previous analyses using species' occurrences, namely that the LDG of marine species is bimodal, by generalizing this to all taxonomic levels and depth zones. That the LDG with a dip near the equator supports the hypothesis that it is primarily temperature driven, and that the equator is already too hot for some species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal diversity gradients for five taxonomic levels of marine fish in depth zones

Lin

Corkrey

Kaschner

et al. 2020

Ecological Research

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“…Later on, the LBIH was tested at different scales—from global patterns across biomes to within‐biome gradients. These studies provided mixed support for the LBIH (Adams & Zhang, 2009; Baskett & Schemske, 2018; Kozlov, Lanta, et al., 2015; Moles, Bonser, et al., 2011; Roesti et al., 2020; Roslin et al., 2017), and the variability of outcomes between case studies inspired the search for the sources of controversy surrounding latitudinal patterns in biotic interactions (Anstett et al., 2016). One of these sources may be the variation between different types of interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predation and parasitism on herbivorous insects change in opposite directions in a latitudinal gradient crossing a boreal forest zone

Zvereva

Zverev

Kozlov

2020

Journal of Animal Ecology

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1. The latitudinal biotic interaction hypothesis (LBIH) predicts that the strength of various biotic interactions decreases from low to high latitudes. Inconsistency between studies testing this hypothesis may result from variations among different types of interactions and among study systems. Therefore, exploration of multiple interactions within one system would help to disentangle latitudinal patterns across individual interactions and to evaluate latitudinal changes in the overall impact of enemies on prey. 2. We tested the prediction based on the LBIH that the pressure of natural enemies on herbivorous insects decreases with increase in latitude across the boreal forest zone. We also asked whether the impacts of major groups of these enemies exhibit similar latitudinal patterns and whether these patterns are consistent across study years. 3. In 10 forest sites located from 60°N to 69°N in Northern Europe, each summer, from 2016 to 2019, we measured (a) mortality of three groups of leafmining insects caused by birds, ants, parasitoids and unknown factors, (b) bird attacks on caterpillar-shaped plasticine models and (c) birch foliar damage caused by defoliators and leafminers. 4. Latitudinal patterns in both insect herbivory on birch and top-down pressure on herbivorous insects varied considerably and inconsistently among the four study years, so that only some of the year-specific correlations with latitude were statistically significant. Nevertheless, meta-analysis combining correlations across years, preys and enemies revealed general decreases in predation by birds (on both natural and model prey) and ants, but an increase in parasitism rates, from low to high latitudes. 5. We found that the direction of latitudinal changes in the strength of biotic interactions was interaction-specific: predation and herbivory supported LBIH, whereas parasitism exhibited an opposite trend. Consequently, the overall impact of natural enemies on herbivorous insects did not change with latitude and was therefore an unlikely reason for the poleward decrease in herbivory observed in our gradient. Considerable among-year variation in the strength of the latitudinal | 2947

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“…In this conception, diversity begets diversity in a positive feedback loop. Whether species interactions are stronger in the tropics has been tested by many studies, with mixed results (Schemske et al 2009;Anstett et al 2016;Moles & Ollerton 2016;Roslin et al 2017;Baskett & Schemske 2018;Hargreaves et al 2019;Freeman et al 2020;Roesti et al 2020). However, the prediction that stronger species interactions or higher diversity can drive faster evolution in the tropics remains largely unexplored (but see Benkman 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The latitudinal gradient in rates of evolution for bird beaks, a species interaction trait

Freeman

Schluter

Tobias

2020

Preprint

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Where is evolution fastest? The biotic interactions hypothesis proposes that greater species richness creates more ecological opportunity, driving faster evolution at low latitudes, whereas the “empty niches” hypothesis proposes that ecological opportunity is greater where diversity is low, spurring faster evolution at high latitudes. Here we test these contrasting predictions by analyzing rates of bird beak evolution for a global dataset of 1141 sister pairs of birds. We find that beak size evolves at similar rates across latitudes, while beak shape evolves faster in the temperate zone, consistent with the empty niches hypothesis. By comparing rates of evolution in sympatric versus allopatric sister lineages, we also find evidence that character displacement is similar between latitudes. Our analyses focusing on recent speciation events finds that drivers of evolutionary diversification are more potent at higher latitudes, thus calling into question multiple hypotheses invoking faster tropical evolution to explain the latitudinal diversity gradient.

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Pelagic fish predation is stronger at temperate latitudes than near the equator

Cited by 24 publications

References 53 publications

Latitudinal diversity gradients for five taxonomic levels of marine fish in depth zones

Latitudinal diversity gradients for five taxonomic levels of marine fish in depth zones

Predation and parasitism on herbivorous insects change in opposite directions in a latitudinal gradient crossing a boreal forest zone

The latitudinal gradient in rates of evolution for bird beaks, a species interaction trait

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