The
rapid advancement of power electronics systems necessitates
significant enhancements in the capabilities of dielectric energy
storage. Polymer-based nanocomposites have emerged as a focal point
in this pursuit due to their notable advantages, including high energy
storage density, ultrafast charge–discharge rates, and extended
service life. Polymer-based dielectrics exhibit commendable energy
storage performance at room temperature, however, their efficiencies
tend to degrade under high temperatures (HT), particularly exceeding
100 °C. Consequently, researchers are urgently required to develop
dielectric materials that demonstrate resistance to HT while offering
superior energy storage performance, cost-effectiveness, and minimal
volume for the application in integrated circuit systems. Amplifying
energy storage properties of polymer-based dielectric capacitors under
HT conditions typically requires these properties, such as a relatively
large dielectric constant, high breakdown strength, low dielectric
loss, and thermal stability. In recent years, researchers have made
significant progress in enhancing the dielectric energy storage performance
of polymer nanocomposites under HT conditions by incorporating one-dimensional
(1D) nanofillers into polymers and exploring various structural configurations.
The exceptional properties and thermal stabilities exhibited by nanofiber
composites underscore their substantial potential in HT electrical
energy storage capacitors. This review comprehensively examines the
utilization of 1D nanomaterials in polymer nanocomposites under HT
conditions while summarizing recent advancements and prospects for
future applications in dielectric energy storage.