Peer Reviewed: Wildlife Toxicology Revisited

Kendall, Ronald J.; Smith, Philip

doi:10.1021/es0324555

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…, 2003). New methodologies for the identification and evaluation of these chronic intoxications are described in the above‐mentioned review by Kendall and Smith (2003).…”

Section: Chronic Poisoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally the toxicology of major pesticides classes involved in wildlife poisoning is discussed. The reader is referred to the comprehensive review recently published by Kendall and Smith (2003), which presents the historical perspectives, typical endpoints of toxicity, and potential future developments in wildlife toxicology. The review by Kendall and Smith focuses on ecotoxicology, and particularly the chronic, sublethal effects of various chemicals (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pesticides and the intoxication of wild animals

Berny¹

2007

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

206

158

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Pesticides are widely used to control agricultural pests. Unfortunately, because of their biological activity, they may have detrimental effects on nontarget species. Acute toxicity, resulting in death, is reported worldwide. Although chronic and indirect effects may be even more hazardous for animal populations on a long-term basis, they are usually evaluated as parts of research programs. The purpose of this paper was to review the wildlife-poisoning surveillance systems and their results regarding the circumstances of exposure of wild animals, the pesticides involved and the species exposed. Most data are retrieved from the British and French pesticide poisoning surveillance systems in wildlife, with some data from other European structures.

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“…, 2003). New methodologies for the identification and evaluation of these chronic intoxications are described in the above‐mentioned review by Kendall and Smith (2003).…”

Section: Chronic Poisoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides and the intoxication of wild animals

Berny¹

2007

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

206

158

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“…). However, the direct and indirect implications of pesticide exposure to nontarget species have been well documented in relation to both responsible agricultural use and intentional misuse (Kendall & Smith ; Berny ; Richards ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike AR compounds, pesticides such as carbamate and organophosphate (OP) insecticides act rapidly and are less persistent in both the environment and within an animal's tissues (Grue et al 1997). However, the direct and indirect implications of pesticide exposure to nontarget species have been well documented in relation to both responsible agricultural use and intentional misuse (Kendall & Smith 2003;Berny 2007;Richards 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Rodenticide and Insecticide Toxicants from Marijuana Cultivation Sites on Fisher Survival Rates in the Sierra National Forest, California

Thompson

Sweitzer²,

Gabriel³

et al. 2013

Conservation Letters

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Secondary exposure of wildlife to pesticides has been well documented, yet exposure is typically associated with agricultural or wildland-urban interface areas. Wildlife in undeveloped areas is generally presumed free from risk. In 2009, a male fisher was found dead in the Sierra National Forest and subsequent necropsy revealed that the animal died of acute rodenticide poisoning. Follow-up testing revealed that 85% of fisher carcasses recovered by two research projects in the previous three years tested positive for rodenticides. Concern arose that exposure could predispose an animal to mortality from other causes, and that the underlying role of toxicants would escape notice. Further investigation indicated that the most likely source was the numerous illegal marijuana cultivation sites currently found on public lands throughout the western United States. To determine whether the presence of cultivation sites predisposed fishers to mortality from other sources, we related survival rates to the presence and number of cultivation sites found within that animal's home range over the past 10 years. Likelihood of exposure was related to the presence of cultivation sites, and female fisher survival was influenced by the number of cultivation sites within its home range. We discuss the conservation implications of this unexpected relationship.

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“…Environmental Quality Management, and used to create a plan for the reduction of pollution from liquid, gaseous and solid wastes for the period 1998 to 2010 in Dong Nai Province. Kendall and Smith (2003) reviewed wildlife toxicology and discussed the effect of agricultural and other industrial waste disposal on the wildlife toxicology.…”

Section: Impact Of Agricultural Wastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural Wastes

Gibbons¹,

Mortula²,

Hu³

et al. 2004

Water Environment Research

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The following review provides a summary of research activities related to the characterization, treatment, and management of agricultural wastes. The review has been divided into four major sections: (i) Waste Characterization, Analytical Methods and Measurement, (ii) Agricultural Waste Treatment, (iii) Reuse and Recycling of Agricultural Wastes, and (iv) Pollution Prevention and Minimization of the Environmental Impact of Agricultural Wastes. WASTE CHARACTERIZATION, ANALYTICAL METHODS AND MEASUREMENT Physical:Olive press cake (OPC) was composted with water and olive mill wastewater (OMW) over several temperatures (17ºC to 63ºC) and the metabolic activity and the respiration profile was monitored. Mari et al. (2003) proposed that composting OPC with OMW would have a two-fold benefit: compost of the solid waste would occur, and decomposition and detoxification of the wastewater would occur. More microbial activity was observed when OPC was composted with OMW than with water, and it was observed a temperature of 48.5ºC provided a better representation of the respiration profile on average. Biological: Inglis and Kalischuk (2003) studied the potential for direct identification of Campylobacter spp. in bovine feces using PCR, without the need 1480 for an enrichment step. Common measurement techniques require counting of colonies by technicians which introduces human error, while the PCR method can be influenced by PCR inhibitors found in feces, causing false-negative results. When inhibitors were removed before analysis, it was believed that the PCR method is more robust and allows for the detection of generally more species of Campylobacter. An intensive agricultural region in southern Alberta was studied over 2 years by Johnson et al. (2003) for the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in the watershed. E. coli O157:H7 was detected in 0.9% of surface water samples and Salmonella spp.was detected in 6.2% of the surface water samples. A statistical model did notshow an association between predicted manure output and pathogen occurrence, highlighting the need to include geographical and weather parameters into an analysis.A method for characterizing changes in a microbial community during the composting process was presented by Schloss et al. (2003). Automated ribosomal intergenic spacer amplification (ARISA) analysis was performed before and during composting, and it was found that the microbial community during composting did not represent the microbial community in the wastewater. The ARISA analysis provided a relationship between the variability in traditional compost variables (temperature, pH, effluent gas) and the composition of the microbial community. 1481 studies on the enterococcal flora from 6 faeces-containing samples. A phenotypic testing technique known as PhenePlate was used to discern enterococcal population diversity. This method provides a tool for determining the origins of faecal contamination. Gas/Volatile Emissions: Methane emissions were measured in a model storage...

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Peer Reviewed: Wildlife Toxicology Revisited

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Pesticides and the intoxication of wild animals

Pesticides and the intoxication of wild animals

Impacts of Rodenticide and Insecticide Toxicants from Marijuana Cultivation Sites on Fisher Survival Rates in the Sierra National Forest, California

Agricultural Wastes

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