Peer influences on adolescent alcohol consumption: evidence using an instrumental variables/fixed effect approach

Fletcher, Jason M.

doi:10.1007/s00148-011-0365-9

Cited by 79 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…For example, earlier studies using the Add Health dataset showed that school socio-economic and race-ethnic composition affects a wide variety of adolescent outcomes, ranging from dropping out from school to smoking cannabis (Bifulco, Fletcher, & Ross, 2011;Crosnoe & Lopez-Gonzalez, 2005;Fletcher, 2012;TrejosCastillo & Vazsonyi, 2009). Indeed, schools that serve mostly disadvantaged students tend to be organized and operated differently than those serving students from more privileged families (Crosnoe, 2009;Eccles & Roeser, 2011).…”

Section: School Climate and Adolescent Risky Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Relation of peer effects and school climate to substance use among Asian American adolescents

Ryabov¹

2015

Journal of Adolescence

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Using a nationally representative, longitudinal sample of Asian American late adolescents/ young adults (ages 18e26), this article investigates the link between peer effects, school climate, on the one hand, and substance use, which includes tobacco, alcohol, and other illicit mood altering substance. The sample (N ¼ 1585) is drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Waves I and III). The study is set to empirically test premises of generational, social capital and stage-environment fit theories. The exploratory variables include individual-level (immigrant generation status, ethnic origin, coethnic and co-generational peers e peers from the same immigrant generation) as well as school-level measures (average school socio-economic status and school climate). Multilevel modeling (logistic and negative binomial regression) was used to estimate substance use. Results indicate that preference for co-generational friends is inversely associated with frequency of cannabis and other illicit drug use and preference for coethnic peers is inversely associated with other illicit drug use. We also find that school climate is a strong and negative predictor of frequency of cannabis and other illicit drug use as well as of heavy episodic drinking. In terms of policy, these findings suggest that Asian American students should benefit from co-ethnic and co-generational peer networks in schools and, above all, from improving school climate.

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Section: School Climate and Adolescent Risky Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Relation of peer effects and school climate to substance use among Asian American adolescents

Ryabov¹

2015

Journal of Adolescence

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“…(1) is not identified without using instrumental variables or other methods (Manski, 1993). To identify endogenous peer effects, following Fletcher (2011, 2010), I use a combined instrumental variables/fixed effects approach. The instrument used in this study is the proportion of classmates with family members who died of HIV/AIDS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of peers on HIV infection expectations among Malawian adolescents: Using an instrumental variables/school fixed effect approach

Kim

2016

Social Science & Medicine

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Malawian adolescents overestimate their HIV infection risk. Understanding why they do so is important since such overestimation is likely to be linked to later-life outcomes. This study focuses on the influence peers have on HIV infection expectations. I use novel school-based survey data collected in Malawi between October 2011 and March 2012 (n = 7,910), which has more reliable measures of peers' HIV infection expectations than other studies. I employ a combined instrumental variables/fixed effects methodology designed to addresses several methodological challenges in estimating peer effects, including self-selection of friends, the issue of unobserved environmental confounders, and the bi-directionality of peer effects. Several tests are conducted in order to assess the robustness of the specifications. Results suggest that a onepercentage-point increase in the mean probabilistic expectation of HIV infection among peers increases an adolescent's own subjective expectation of infection by an average of 0.65 percentage points. This paper shows that peer influence is greater for males than for females. Results also suggest that the peer effects on HIV infection expectations are only statistically significant among those lacking more complete knowledge of HIV/AIDS.

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“…Obesity, for instance, is found to cluster in families and friendship groups (Fowler & Christakis, 2008b;Kling, Liebman, & Katz, 2007;Trogdon, Nonnemaker, & Pais, 2008;Yuan, Lv, & VanderWeele, 2013). Also, many health behaviors have been found to be contagious within randomly assigned peer groups, such as binge drinking (Duncan et al,2005;Eisenberg, Golberstein, Whitlock, & Downs, 2013), substance use among adolescents (Clark & Lohéac, 2007;Fletcher, 2010Fletcher, , 2012Gaviria & Raphael, 2001;Lundborg, 2006;Powell, Tauras, & Ross, 2005), sexual behavior and risky behavior (Card & Giuliano, 2013), physical activity and dietary intake (Coppinger, Jeanes, Dabinett, Vögele, & Reeves, 2010), and suicidal ideation and self-injury (Prinstein et al, 2010;Velting & Gould, 1997). Why would obesity among students in a college be the exception?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roommate effects in health outcomes

et al. 2019

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We use randomized roommate assignment in dormitories in a college in Kolkata in India to examine peer effects in weight gains among roommates. We use administrative data on weight, height, and test scores of students at the time of college admission and then survey these students at the end of their first and second years in college. We do not find any significant roommate specific peer effect in weight gain. Our results rather suggest that an obese roommate reduces the probability that the other roommates become obese in subsequent years. We examine potential mechanism using survey data on students' eating habits, smoking, exercise, and sleeping patterns. We find that obese roommates sleep longer, which in turn improves the sleep pattern of others, which might explain the weak negative effect of obese roommates on the weight of others in the same room.

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Peer influences on adolescent alcohol consumption: evidence using an instrumental variables/fixed effect approach

Cited by 79 publications

References 51 publications

Relation of peer effects and school climate to substance use among Asian American adolescents

Relation of peer effects and school climate to substance use among Asian American adolescents

The effect of peers on HIV infection expectations among Malawian adolescents: Using an instrumental variables/school fixed effect approach

Roommate effects in health outcomes

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