Peer Influence and Delinquency

McGloin, Jean Marie; Thomas, Karen A.

doi:10.1146/annurev-criminol-011518-024551

Cited by 118 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…Criminal careers differed during the juvenile and early adult years, but also-and more so-during the adult years. The results support an "enhancement" hypothesis that combines two effects: selection of crime-prone individuals into motorcycle gangs and facilitation of criminal behavior while there (for a more general review of peer influence and delinquency, see McGloin and Thomas [2019]).…”

Section: E Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs and Criminal Careerssupporting

confidence: 56%

Organized Crime and Criminal Careers

Kleemans¹,

Köppen²

2020

Crime and Justice

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Widely accepted findings in developmental and life-course criminology cannot be extended to criminal careers of organized crime offenders. While most offenders begin offending at a young age, criminal careers in organized crime are generally characterized by a late onset typically characterized by relatively serious offending. Different patterns exist for different groups, including early starters, adult-onset offenders, and offenders with no previous judicial contacts, but all studies find a significant share of adult-onset offenders. Social relationships, including family, friendship, and work ties, are importantly related to becoming involved in organized crime. Involvement mechanisms are diverse; both conventional and criminal capital are important. Children of organized crime offenders have a high risk of intergenerational continuity of crime. Factors that promote desistance for most offenders, such as employment, sometimes have different meanings for organized crime participants, as some occupations provide criminal opportunities and some work settings foster offender convergence. Widely used concepts such as specialization and desistance are less applicable because of the distinctive nature of organized crime offenses and careers. The most urgent issue for future research is to incorporate the roles of co-offenders into analyses of individual criminal careers. In 1988, Albert J. Reiss Jr. published an inspiring essay in Crime and Justice about co-offending and criminal careers. He concluded that research Electronically published February 6, 2020 Edward Kleemans is a full professor in criminology and Vere van Koppen is an assistant professor in criminology in the School of Criminology, Faculty of Law, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. We thank the editors of this volume, Michael Tonry and Peter Reuter, the participants of the Bologna workshop (May 2019), and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on earlier drafts of this essay.

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Section: E Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs and Criminal Careerssupporting

confidence: 56%

Organized Crime and Criminal Careers

Kleemans¹,

Köppen²

2020

Crime and Justice

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“…The potential influence from peers on offending is often viewed from either the normative influence perspective or the opportunity perspective (Haynie & Osgood, 2005;McGloin & Thomas, 2019). Under the normative perspective, peers socialize individuals to internalize norms, values, and motives that are conducive to delinquency and, thereby, shape behavior developmentally over a longer period of time (Akers, 1998;Burgess & Akers, 1966;Sutherland, 1947).…”

Section: Peer Influence and Offendingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peers and offender decision‐making

Hoeben

Thomas

2019

Criminology & Public Policy

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Research Summary Offender decision‐making generally occurs in social context. In this article, we discuss the potential for integrating insights on peer processes and decision‐making processes to advance our understanding on the decision to engage in crime. In particular, we address the developmental and situational influence of peers on perceptions, preferences, and dual‐systems processing. We contribute to this literature by elaborating on situational peer processes and discuss the ways in which peers can affect decision‐making through their mere presence as well as through their active involvement as instigators, conversational partners, and co‐offenders. Policy Implications Programs to effectively reduce crime and delinquency require a holistic approach that takes into account the interdependency between internal and external factors that impact behavior. The purpose of this article was to detail how our understanding of two prominent explanations of crime —peer influence and rational choice—can mutually benefit from such integration.

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“…In contrast to family relationships, friendships are generally a relationship of choice, and studies indicate that most respondents tend to report positive attitudes toward their friends (Brown and Larson 2009). In light of this, research on peers and crime has tended to focus less on attachment processes than on the antisocial/prosocial characteristics of these companions (McGloin and Thomas 2019). Prior studies have traditionally emphasized that peer influence declines during the young adult period, as individuals become more heavily involved in romantic relationships and/or more focused on other core concerns associated with this period of the life course (e.g., economic considerations, children; Giordano, Cernkovich, and Holland 2003; Monahan, Steinberg, and Cauffman 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desistance from Crime during the Transition to Adulthood: The Influence of Parents, Peers, and Shifts in Identity

Copp

Giordano

Longmore

et al. 2019

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

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Objectives: Research on criminal continuity and change has traditionally focused on elements of the adult life course (e.g., marriage and employment); however, recent social and economic changes suggest the need to consider a broader range of factors. In addition, researchers have increasingly recognized the importance of identity changes in the desistance process. Methods: Using five waves of structured data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS), we examined identity changes, shifts in involvement with delinquent peers, and variability in closeness with parents as influences on desistance. In-depth interviews with a subset of TARS respondents offered a person-centered lens on individual and social processes associated with variability in criminal behavior. Results: Findings indicated that identity changes were associated with declines in offending. In addition, changes in parental closeness and the extent of affiliation with antisocial peers contributed to patterns of offending, net of these subjectively experienced cognitive changes. Conclusions: Cognitive processes are important to desistance. However, they do not independently provide a path to sustained behavioral change. Social experiences, including changes in relationships/supports from parents and affiliation with delinquent peers, also figure into change processes. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research and programmatic efforts.

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Peer Influence and Delinquency

Cited by 118 publications

References 125 publications

Organized Crime and Criminal Careers

Organized Crime and Criminal Careers

Peers and offender decision‐making

Desistance from Crime during the Transition to Adulthood: The Influence of Parents, Peers, and Shifts in Identity

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