Peer Companionship for Mental Health of Older Adults in Primary Care: A Pragmatic, Non-Blinded, Parallel-Group, Randomised Controlled Trial

Conwell, Yeates; Orden, Kim Van; Stone, Deborah M.; McIntosh, Wendy LiKamWa; Messing, Susan; Rowe, Jody; Podgorski, Carol; Kaukeinen, Kimberly; Tu, Xin

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3531103

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Community‐based efforts, such as peer companionship, might serve to improve mental well‐being of older adults 47 . Similarly, regular contact with “at‐risk” older adults has been linked to reductions in suicide rates 48 ; possibly by enhancing feelings of social belongingness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical, mental, and social wellbeing and their association with death by suicide and self‐harm in older adults: a community‐based cohort study

Erlangsen

Banks

Joshy

et al. 2020

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Objective: To assess associations between physical, mental, and social well-being and suicide and self-harm in a community-based sample of older adults. Methods: Using a cohort design, questionnaire data from 102,880 individuals aged 65 years or older living in New South Wales, Australia during 2006-2009 were linked to hospital and cause-of-death databases until 2017. Poisson regressions obtained adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Results: One hundred nine suicides and 191 deliberate self-harm (DSH) events occurred. Compared to those reporting excellent/good overall health, older adults reporting fair overall health had higher suicide rates (IRR ¼ 2.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.8-4.4). Also, suffering from physical limitations was associated with higher rates of suicide. A fair versus excellent/good memory was associated with higher rates of suicide (IRR ¼ 2.0, 1.3-3.3). Male erectile dysfunction was linked to self-harm (IRR ¼ 2.8, 1.0-7.7). Suicide rates were elevated with baseline Kessler-10 scores of 20-50 versus 10-15 (IRR ¼ 5.0, 2.9-8.9); the corresponding IRR for DSH was 2.9 (1.8-4.8). Elevated rates were observed for both self-reported depression and anxiety. Poor versus excellent/good quality of life was associated with suicide (IRR ¼ 4.3, 1.7-10.7) and achieving less than desired to due to emotional problems was linked to self-harm (IRR ¼ 1.8 1.3-2.4). Rates of suicide ande DSH were lower in those with ≥5 people to depend on versus one (suicide: IRR ¼ 0.5, 0.3-0.9; DSH: IRR ¼ 0.5, 0.3-0.7). Conclusions: Older adults experiencing health problems, including those relating to overall health or memory, and those with psychological distress had elevated rates of suicidal behavior. Rates of subsequent self-harm and/or death by suicide were elevated in participants with small social networks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical, mental, and social wellbeing and their association with death by suicide and self‐harm in older adults: a community‐based cohort study

Erlangsen

Banks

Joshy

et al. 2020

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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“…Thus, we got an additional result of one trial. 23 In total, 16 studies among them were included in the meta-analysis ( figure 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five studies 23 27 38–40 rerported social support-related outcomes. Three studies 23 39 40 reported thwarted belongingness by Thwarted Belongingness subscale (which included loneliness) of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (18-item) or the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire Revised (15-item). Thwarted belongings did not differ significantly between groups in the three studies after intervention.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods and efficacy of social support interventions in preventing suicide: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hou

Wang

Guo

et al. 2021

Evid Based Mental Health

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QuestionSuicide is a global public and mental health problem. The effectiveness of social support interventions has not been widely demonstrated in the prevention of suicide. We aimed to describe the methods of social support interventions in preventing suicide and examine the efficacy of them.Study selection and analysisWe searched literature databases and conducted clinical trials. The inclusion criteria for the summary of intervention methods were as follows: (1) studies aimed at preventing suicide through method(s) that directly provide social support; (2) use of one or more method(s) to directly provide social support. The additional inclusion criteria for meta-analysis on the efficacy of these interventions included: (1) suicide, suicide attempt or social support-related outcome was measured; (2) randomised controlled trial design and (3) using social support intervention as the main/only method.FindingsIn total, 22 656 records and 185 clinical trials were identified. We reviewed 77 studies in terms of intervention methods, settings, support providers and support recipients. There was a total of 18 799 person-years among the ten studies measuring suicide. The number of suicides was significantly reduced in the intervention group (risk ratio (RR)=0.48, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.85). In 14 studies with a total of 14 469 person-years, there was no significant reduction of suicide attempts in the overall pooled RR of 0.88 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.07).ConclusionsSocial support interventions were recommended as a suicide prevention strategy for those with elevated suicide risk.

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“…10,15 Evidence is emerging for targeted peer support in socially disconnected older adults at risk of suicide in terms of reducing depression, anxiety and perceived burden, but not suicidal ideation. 23…”

Section: Towards Zero Suicide For Older Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Zero Suicide: need and opportunities to improve implementation of clinical elements for older adults

Wand

McKay

Pond

2021

Australas Psychiatry

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Objective: The Zero Suicide (ZS) framework is increasingly used in Australia, but without published adaptations for older people, and limited access by older people when implemented. The aim of this paper is to inform Towards Zero Suicide (TZS) implementations to benefit older adults by considering the key differences in older adults at risk of suicide according to each clinical component of the ZS framework. Conclusion: TZS aspires to reduce deaths by suicide for people within healthcare by refocusing interventions on suicidality rather than diagnosis alone, emphasising evidence-based practices and cultural change. For TZS to be effective for older people, it is essential to ensure practices are based upon evidence relevant to older people and to ensure ageism is effectively counteracted. Older adults have distinct patterns of help seeking and service use, accompanied by differences in risk factors, presentations, and outcomes of suicidal behaviours. Ageism affects assessment, decision-making and actions to address self-harm and suicide for older people. Immediate and longer-term actions are essential to effectively implement TZS in this population.

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Peer Companionship for Mental Health of Older Adults in Primary Care: A Pragmatic, Non-Blinded, Parallel-Group, Randomised Controlled Trial

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Physical, mental, and social wellbeing and their association with death by suicide and self‐harm in older adults: a community‐based cohort study

Physical, mental, and social wellbeing and their association with death by suicide and self‐harm in older adults: a community‐based cohort study

Methods and efficacy of social support interventions in preventing suicide: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Towards Zero Suicide: need and opportunities to improve implementation of clinical elements for older adults

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