Peeling tests for assessing the cohesion and consolidation characteristics of mortar and render surfaces

Drdácký, Miloš; Lesák, Jaroslav; Niedoba, Krzysztof; Valach, Jaroslav

doi:10.1617/s11527-014-0285-8

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Table 1 shows the maximum and minimum of removed materials in each sequence of the peeling test and their standard deviations. The nonlinear progression of the repeated peeling test ( Figure 6) was calculated according to Drdácký et al [47]. The nonlinear progressions of treated samples are below those of the untreated sample as a consequence of an increment in the stone's cohesion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Basic Protocol for On-Site Testing Consolidant Nanoparticles on Stone Cultural Heritage

2019

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Currently the application of consolidants based on nanoparticles is common practice among restorers. Consolidants should not modify the properties of original materials according to international recommendation, which requires previous studies to decide the optimal option. The selection must be based on empirical results, and not only in the expertise of the restorer, because the consolidant’s effectiveness is influenced by its own properties and other factors such as the characteristics of the artwork (elemental composition, porosity, texture, etc.) and its context (temperature, relative humidity, etc.). Moreover, new protocols must be sustainable and compatible with on-site restoration. A new protocol to test consolidant nanoparticles has been designed and assessed. This is based on easy trials and low-cost techniques—digital microscope, colorimeter, peeling test and ultrasound—that could be employed by restorers in situ. In this paper, different consolidant nanoparticles were tested on stones from two historical quarries. The first treatment was SiO2 nanoparticles, and the second, a new nanocomposite of Ca(OH)2 and ZnO quantum dots that allows us to measure penetration depth easily and discern the treated areas under UV lights. This second treatment was the best option for the studied stones, validating the protocol designed for the choice of consolidants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the third step, the cohesion on the surface samples is calculated by the use of the peeling test. This was made according to Drdácký et al [47], using Scotch Cristal tape (3M) with 10 repetitions over the same location. The percentage of consolidation (%C) was calculated according to the equation [38]:…”

Section: Assessment Of the Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic Protocol for On-Site Testing Consolidant Nanoparticles on Stone Cultural Heritage

2019

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“…By a peeling test [15], the increase in cohesion between the grains of the stone due to the treatment was determined. Furthermore, the adherence of the applied consolidant to the surface of the stone was measured by this method, which is determinant for the treatment durability.…”

Section: Effectiveness Of the Products On The Stonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is due to the lower penetration of this consolidant because of its higher viscosity. Moreover, the incorporation of PDMS in the xerogel network promotes the change from quaternary siloxane bonds (from DYN40) to a mixture of quaternary and binary (from PDMS) siloxane bonds [15,30], which provide more flexibility to the silica network, allowing the xerogel to shrink.…”

Section: Effectiveness Of the Products On Stonementioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Ethylsilicates as Efficient Innovative Consolidants for Sedimentary Rock

et al. 2018

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Although silicon alkoxides (especially ethylsilicates) have long been used as consolidants of weathered stone monuments, their physical properties are not ideal. In this study, an innovative procedure for the consolidation of sedimentary rocks was developed that combines the use of organometallic and alkylamine catalysts with the addition of well-defined nanoparticles exhibiting a narrow size distribution centered at ca. 10 nm. As a suitable test material, Pietra di Lecce limestone was selected because of its color and problematic physico-chemical properties, such as rather low hardness. Using the developed procedure, the mechanical and surface properties of the limestone were improved without the unwanted over-consolidation of the surface layers of the stone, and any significant deterioration in the pore size distribution, water vapor permeability, or the stone’s appearance. The developed modified ethylsilicates penetrated deeper into the pore structure of the stone than the unmodified ones and increased the hardness of the treated material. The formed xerogels within the stone pores did not crack. Importantly, they did not significantly alter the natural characteristics of the stone.

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“…It is widely accepted that this test was introduced into the field of conservation for testing the cohesion qualities of historic materials, mainly stone and renders, probably by P. Mora and G. Torraca, in the 1960s (Mora & Torraca, 1965). The standard application for stone surface assessment was recently described in detail by the authors and their collaborators (Drdácký et al, 2012a(Drdácký et al, , 2014, where a thorough state-of-the-art was also presented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situpeeling tests for assessing the cohesion and consolidation characteristics of historic plaster and render surfaces

Drdácký

Slížková

2014

Studies in Conservation

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Standard application principles for the peeling test, also known as the scotch tape test, for assessing the surface cohesion characteristics of materials have been presented by the authors in earlier papers on laboratory testing of stone and mortar consolidation effects. The method has been in use for a long time for evaluating the strengthening of surface layers of mortars, but there have been no standards or reliably verified recommendations on how the test should be applied. Nevertheless, the method has been attracting continuing research, because it is a simple and quite reliable method for in situ testing of consolidation effects, if it is applied correctly. Our paper summarizes the basic principles, and presents illustrative results of an investigation of important historic buildings. It goes on to suggest some practical approaches and designs that are useful for in situ applications. We present a mathematical procedure suitable for evaluating the results that are obtained. We recommend repeated peeling on exactly the same place on the surface in order to compensate for and eliminate the effect of the natural decrease in the material detached from the subsurface layers, which might be incorrectly interpreted as a consolidation effect. The examples and validation measurements presented here include in situ measurements.

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Peeling tests for assessing the cohesion and consolidation characteristics of mortar and render surfaces

Cited by 35 publications

References 4 publications

Basic Protocol for On-Site Testing Consolidant Nanoparticles on Stone Cultural Heritage

Basic Protocol for On-Site Testing Consolidant Nanoparticles on Stone Cultural Heritage

Modified Ethylsilicates as Efficient Innovative Consolidants for Sedimentary Rock

In situpeeling tests for assessing the cohesion and consolidation characteristics of historic plaster and render surfaces

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