PEDOT:PSS-Based Bioelectrodes for Multifunctional Drug Release and Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing

Abstract

Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) is an innovative approach for the label-free and real-time detection of cell morphology, growth, and apoptosis, thereby playing an essential role as both a viable alternative and valuable complement to conventional biochemical/pharmaceutical analysis in the field of diagnostics. Constant improvements are naturally sought to further improve the effective range and reliability of this technology. In this study, we developed poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) conducting polymer (CP)-based bioelectrodes integrated into homemade ECIS cell-culture chamber slides for the simultaneous drug release and real-time biosensing of cancer cell viability under drug treatment. The CP comprised tailored PEDOT:PSS, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GOPS) capable of encapsulating antitumor chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin (DOX), docetaxel (DTX), and a DOX/DTX combination. This device can reliably monitor impedance signal changes correlated with cell viability on chips generated by cell adhesion onto a predetermined CP-based working electrode while simultaneously exhibiting excellent properties for both drug encapsulation and on-demand release from another CP-based counter electrode under electrical stimulation (ES) operation. Cyclic voltammetry curves and surface profile data of different CP-based coatings (without or with drugs) were used to analyze the changes in charge capacity and thickness, respectively, thereby further revealing the correlation between their drug-releasing performance under ES operation (determined using ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy). Finally, antitumor drug screening tests (DOX, DTX, and DOX/DTX combination) were performed on MCF-7 and HeLa cells using our developed CP-based ECIS chip system to monitor the impedance signal changes and their related cell viability results.

Biophysical Electrical and Mechanical Stimulations for Promoting Chondrogenesis of Stem Cells on PEDOT:PSS Conductive Polymer Scaffolds

“…Figure e presents the EIS spectrum of the PG3 scaffold in the frequency range of 10 –1 to 10 5 . The spectrum revealed that the EIS impedance value at frequencies below 1 kHz, which is a commonly used frequency range in bioelectronics, was less than 100 Ω of the standard ITO electrode …”

Remodeling of the Intra‐Conduit Inflammatory Microenvironment to Improve Peripheral Nerve Regeneration with a Neuromechanical Matching Protein‐Based Conduit

“…[ 65 ] This mechanical energy from the volume changes acts on the conductive film, ultimately causing the release of DMF, which is consistent with reports in related literature. [ 66 ]…”

Organic Electronics in Biosensing: A Promising Frontier for Medical and Environmental Applications

“…In medical imaging, organic bioelectronics have shown promise in developing imaging probes and contrast agents, thereby enhancing the resolution and sensitivity of imaging techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [204,205]. Additionally, organic bioelectronics have contributed to advancing microfluidic systems for cell analysis, thereby enabling cell sorting, counting, and characterizing cellular responses to external stimuli [206][207][208]. These systems have diverse applications in cancer diagnostics, drug screening, and stem cell research.…”