Pedicled Temporalis Muscle Flap for Craniofacial Reconstruction: A 35-Year Clinical Experience with 366 Flaps

Spilimbergo, Stefano Spanio di; Nordera, Paolo; Mardini, Samir; Castiglione, G.; Chim, Harvey; Pinna, V.; Brunello, Massimo; Cusino, Claudio; Squaquara, Roberto; Baciliero, Ugo

doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000003011

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The successful formation and use of the those flaps depend on the anatomical features of the vascular pedicles that contain frontal or parietal STA branches (Pinar & Govsa, ). A study conducted by Spilimbergo et al showed that temporalis flaps are predominantly using for either maxilla defect (46.7%) or mandible and oropharynx (14.6%) reconstruction (Spanio Di Spilimbergo et al, ). Since advances in microsurgery that facilitate free tissue transfer have become the preference for many surgeons in craniofacial reconstructions, other selected indications were listed for the temporalis flap use: (a) anophthalmia, (b) unilateral maxillectomy defects, and (c) facial reanimation in selected cases of facial nerve palsy (Spanio Di Spilimbergo et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The superficial temporal artery: A meta‐analysis of its prevalence and morphology

et al. 2020

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Introduction: The superficial temporal artery (STA) is a terminal branch of the external carotid artery. It supplies the regions of scalp and face. The morphometrical data concerning STAs are not consistent; therefore, in this systemic review and meta-analysis, we aimed in this to provide an up-to-date data on its anatomic features. Material and methods: In order to do this, PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science were searched. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items and Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines for the meta-analysis. Studies that reported the prevalence and anatomical data regarding STA were included in further analyses. Results: Out of 1,446 studies initially evaluated, 21 were included in the metaanalysis (874 patients/donors). The STA diameter was 1.5 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47-1.53 mm). The frontal and parietal branches of the STA were present in 97.6% (95% CIs: 94.6-99.5%) and 96.4% (95% CIs: 93.5-98.5%) of the cases, respectively. The STA bifurcation point was located above the zygomatic arch in 79.1% (95% CI: 68.0-84.3), below the zygomatic arch in 6.7% (95% CI: 2.4-12.1), and on the zygomatic arch in 11.1% of the cases (95% CI: 5.4-17.5). There was no bifurcation of the STA in 3.1% of the cases (95% CI: 0.4-7.3). Conclusion: The most comprehensive analysis of STA morphological features is presented. The results from this evidence-based anatomical study will improve understanding of the clinical STA anatomy, which in turn has major implications for understanding the STA in clinical practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The superficial temporal artery: A meta‐analysis of its prevalence and morphology

et al. 2020

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“…10 We do believe that trismus is caused by fibrosis, especially after radiotherapy, in comparison with nasolabial flaps no trismus were encountered in any of our patients including those who received postoperative radiotherapy and this stands on for the rich blood supply of the nasolabial flap. 11 A cosmetic drawback credited to the usage of temporalis muscle flap is the hollowness of the temple area which may need a porous polyethylene sheet to be used to fill the temporal fossa donor site. Therefore, the nasolabial flap is superior in being more economic reconstructive option and less liable to donor site complications as foreign body infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inferiorly Based Nasolabial Flap: A Reliable Option for Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction.

Koraitim

Atteya

Hassan

2021

Egyptian Dental Journal

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Introduction: Reconstruction of defects in the maxillofacial region can be challenging. Anatomy, location and size of the defect are major determinants of type of flap that could be used whether local, regional or distant. Nasolabial flap is one of the local flaps that can be used for reconstructing small to moderate size soft tissue defects, especially when microsurgical free flaps are less feasible due to lack of infrastructure, expertise or financial constraints. Aims and Objectives:To study the effectiveness of the nasolabial flaps in reconstruction of orofacial defects of various origins. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 37 patients (49 nasolabial flaps) 25 unilateral flaps & 12 bilateral flaps. Of these, 30 patients had reconstruction following oncological resection. All flaps were inferiorly based, and 36 flaps required a second stage for separation after 3 weeks. Patients were evaluated for postoperative complications, flap uptake, donor site morbidity, postoperative extraoral scarring and patient's satisfaction.Results: Good results in form of function and cosmesis were obtained in most of patients. Postoperative complications were relatively minor as tip of flap necrosis, and oro-cutaneous fistula. The average time taken for flap harvesting was 43 minutes for bilateral nasolabial flaps and 27 minutes for unilateral ones. Conclusion:The nasolabial flap is a simple and reliable flap that can be used in reconstruction of small to moderate sized defects in orofacial region with good cosmetics and functional outcomes.

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“…Other approaches, including the temporalis muscle and temporoparietal fascia, have been previously described but not applied in this series. 13 Class 1c defects can also be reconstructed with soft tissue or rehabilitated with an obturator. By definition, this defect preserves at least 3 of the 4 critical teeth for prosthetic anchorage (2 molars and 1 canine) and, therefore, prosthetic retention and stability should be achievable.…”

Section: Classmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive approach to functional palatomaxillary reconstruction using regional and free tissue transfer: Report of reconstructive and prosthodontic outcomes of 140 patients

et al. 2018

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Pedicled Temporalis Muscle Flap for Craniofacial Reconstruction: A 35-Year Clinical Experience with 366 Flaps

Abstract: Therapeutic, IV.

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

The superficial temporal artery: A meta‐analysis of its prevalence and morphology

The superficial temporal artery: A meta‐analysis of its prevalence and morphology

Inferiorly Based Nasolabial Flap: A Reliable Option for Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction.

Comprehensive approach to functional palatomaxillary reconstruction using regional and free tissue transfer: Report of reconstructive and prosthodontic outcomes of 140 patients

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