Pediatric visceral leishmaniasis: a retrospective study to propose the diagnostic tests algorithm in southern Iran

Rezaei, Zahra; Pourabbas, Bahman; Asaei, Sadaf; Kühne, Vera; Sepehrpour, Shima; Pouladfar, Gholamreza; Keihani, Negin; Büscher, Philippe

doi:10.1007/s00436-021-07067-1

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Referente a la sensibilidad y especificidad de las técnicas de laboratorio del diagnóstico de leishmaniasis, en un estudio realizado por (De Silva et al, 2022) y (Dixit et al, 2021)concuerdan que en la LC es útil la microscopía a pesar de su baja sensibilidad (67% -77%) pero tiene una especificidad (100%), porque su diagnóstico es rápido, sencillo y económico y además mencionan que la PCR en una técnica muy sensibilidad y especificidad (96% -100%) respectivamente; (Rezaei et al, 2021), realizaron una investigación aplicando Western blot y obtuvieron resultado con sensibilidad (90%) y especificidad (66%), no es un buen método en LC. En su investigación (Julio Fabricio, 2021), demostraron que para LV, la ELISA-DTL4 y las pruebas rK39 tienen una sensibilidad superior a 91% y una especificidad entre 99 y 100%; en cambio (Ortalli et al, 2020)indican que la qPCR es un método con resultados rápidos y con una sensibilidad y especificidad (92% y 100%).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Comparación de la sensibilidad y especificidad de las técnicas de laboratorio para el diagnóstico de Leishmaniasis

Martinez

Zavala

2023

Pentaciencias

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Las leishmaniasis son enfermedades zoonóticas y de transmisión vectorial, su complejo biológico comprende diferentes especies de parásitos, tanto reservorios como vectores, que causan en el humano un conjunto de síndromes clínicos que comprometen la piel, como leishmaniasis cutánea o leishmaniasis mucocutánea, además hay otra forma de presentación sistémica conocida como leishmaniasis visceral. La transmisión ocurre cuando un flebótomo hembra infectado con el parásito (Leishmania spp.), pica a un huésped potencial. Su presencia está vinculada a la pobreza, factores sociales, ambientales y climáticos, esto influye en su epidemiología. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la sensibilidad y especificidad de las técnicas de laboratorio para el diagnóstico de leishmaniasis. Para ello, se realizó una investigación de diseño documental con búsqueda exhaustiva en diferentes bases de datos, empleando artículos científicos en español e inglés, aplicando criterios de inclusión y exclusión, seleccionando un total de 39 artículos sistemáticamente revisados. En relación a los resultados se demuestra que, para cada presentación clínica de leishmaniasis, existen varios métodos como los parasitológicos, serológicos y moleculares que son muy sensibles y específicos, pero se debe seleccionar una muestra adecuada, que proporcionaran resultados rápidos y eficientes, para que el paciente reciba un tratamiento oportuno. La microscopía tiene una sensibilidad variable, pero es considerada el “Estándar de oro” y depende de la experticia del analista, las pruebas serológicas son más utilizadas para leishmaniasis visceral, en cuanto a la sensibilidad y especificada de los métodos moleculares son excelentes, pero requieren de personal capacitado, reactivos, equipos costosos y un área especial.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Comparación de la sensibilidad y especificidad de las técnicas de laboratorio para el diagnóstico de Leishmaniasis

Martinez

Zavala

2023

Pentaciencias

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“…Our data show a direct correlation between parasite load and antibody titer determined by DAT; accordingly, some qPCR-positive samples with a low parasite load were negative by DAT (42/181; 23.2%), suggesting the onset of infection. According to a recent study, qPCR has a higher sensitivity than serological tests in identifying asymptomatic leishmaniasis in whole blood; however, the qPCR test could not detect all infected cases [ 27 , 28 ]. Although it is unclear whether these results might be extended to the diagnosis of the infection with Leishmania in livestock, a combination of several methods may be the best strategy to diagnose Leishmania infection in livestock [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to a recent study, qPCR has a higher sensitivity than serological tests in identifying asymptomatic leishmaniasis in whole blood; however, the qPCR test could not detect all infected cases [ 27 , 28 ]. Although it is unclear whether these results might be extended to the diagnosis of the infection with Leishmania in livestock, a combination of several methods may be the best strategy to diagnose Leishmania infection in livestock [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livestock infected with Leishmania spp. in southern Iran

et al. 2022

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Background Query ID="Q1" Text="Graphical abstract: As per journal requirements, graphical abstract is necessary. Kindly check and provide the same."The magnitude of the health problems caused by leishmaniasis has been a major driving factor behind the development and implementation of leishmaniasis control programs by the national authorities in Iran, with a priority for health and environmental management. Such programs are not achievable unless all of the factors leading to the infection, including the parasite’s life-cycle, vectors and reservoirs, are recognized. So far in Iran, humans and rodents have been considered the principal reservoirs of Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major, respectively, both associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), with domestic dogs considered to be the main reservoir for Leishmania infantum, associated with visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The role of other mammals in maintaining the Leishmania parasite has remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate Leishmania infection among livestock in endemic areas of VL and CL in Fars province, southern Iran, using serological and molecular methods. Methods Blood samples from 181 clinically healthy livestock, including 49 sheep, 114 goats, 16 cattle and two donkeys, were screened to detect Leishmania DNA and anti-Leishmania antibodies using qPCR (quantitative PCR) and the direct agglutination test (DAT), respectively. Four qPCR-positive samples were amplified using the internal transcribed spacer one (ITS1) primers in conventional PCR and sent for directional sequencing. Results Of the 181 livestock tested, 51 (28.2%) were infected with Leishmania, using serological and molecular methods. Anti-Leishmania antibodies were detected in 70 (38.7%) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 31.5–46.2) and Leishmania DNA in 93 (51.4%) (95% CI: 43.9–58.9) livestock. The identified Leishmania spp. were L. infantum and L. major. Conclusions The findings of the present study show a relatively high prevalence of Leishmania infection among livestock in endemic areas of the disease, in Fars province, southern Iran. Given the large population of this group of animals and the fact that they live in the vicinity of the main reservoirs of the disease and vectors, it seems that sand flies regularly bite these animals. Further studies are needed to determine the role of livestock in the parasite’s life-cycle and the epidemiology of Leishmania infection. Graphical Abstract

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“…Nonetheless, some researchers (listed below) focused on specific demographic criteria, such as age ranges, sex, or HIV patient co-infection, in their investigations on LV diagnosis. Rezaei et al (2019Rezaei et al ( , 2021Rezaei et al ( , 2022 exclusively used samples from Iranian children (<18 years old). Employing InBios Kalazar Detect™, the article where samples from 1 to 16-year-old children were used presents results of 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity.…”

Section: Human Immunochromatographic Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunochromatographic tests for human and canine leishmaniosis diagnosis: a critical review and future prospects

Guzman,

Hospinal-Santiani,

Soccol

et al. 2023

Biotechnol. Res. Innov.

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Highlights• A critical review was performed comparing results by continent, countries, clinical form and antigen used • ICTs with low performance are being marketed and used in different countries • The protein rK39 as antigen showed an average 88% sensitivity in Africa, 92% in Asia • Discrepancies in relation to sensitivity and specificity results make it difficult to choose the most effective methods

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Pediatric visceral leishmaniasis: a retrospective study to propose the diagnostic tests algorithm in southern Iran

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Comparación de la sensibilidad y especificidad de las técnicas de laboratorio para el diagnóstico de Leishmaniasis

Comparación de la sensibilidad y especificidad de las técnicas de laboratorio para el diagnóstico de Leishmaniasis

Livestock infected with Leishmania spp. in southern Iran

Immunochromatographic tests for human and canine leishmaniosis diagnosis: a critical review and future prospects

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