Pediatric Utilization of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Swabs for Antimicrobial Stewardship

Abstract

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can cause serious infections and empiric treatment regimens in children frequently include an anti-MRSA antibiotic. Studies in adults have demonstrated a high negative predictive value (NPV) of MRSA nasal swabs (MNS) in a variety of infectious syndromes. Negative MNS have been utilized as a tool to guide de-escalation of anti-MRSA antibiotics in adults, especially in those with lower respiratory tract infections, but data in children is minimal. The primary objective of this study was to determine the NPV and positive predictive value (PPV) of MNS in children hospitalized for treatment of an infection. Methods: This was a single-site, retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients admitted with a suspected infectious diagnosis who had an MNS performed during their hospitalization between June 1, 2018 and November 25, 2022. Results: This study identified 172 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Eleven (6.4%) nasal swabs were positive for MRSA and 10 (5.8%) microbiological cultures from suspected sources of infection were identified to be positive for MRSA. The MNS was found to have a sensitivity of 20%, specificity of 94%, PPV of 18% and NPV of 95% for all sites of infection. Conclusion: MNS has a high NPV and low PPV in children. MNS can be utilized as an antimicrobial stewardship tool to guide the safe de-escalation of anti-MRSA antibiotics in children.