Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections

Tarin, Tatum; Shinghal, Rajesh; Shortliffe, Linda M. Dairiki

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3204-5.00013-x

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 304 publications

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“…UTI, which could lead acute pyelonephritis and chronic renal damage, remains as one of the most common infections both in adults and children . Recurrence of UTI, along with the side‐effects of antibiotics and increased resistance to bacteria, has facilitated the development of non‐antimicrobial therapeutic strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of UTI might result in lower urinary tract symptoms that could be accompanied with increased bladder sensation, detrusor overactivity and poor bladder compliance . It is well known that the main muscle component of the urinary bladder wall is detrusor smooth muscle, which is activated by the release of transmitters from motor nerves and by the inflammatory mediators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Escherichia coli is responsible for more than 80% of childhood UTI. Recurrent UTI might be seen in 30–40% of children and adults, which have risk factors such as anatomical urinary tract anomalies, dysfunctional voiding and bladder instability . Frequent hospitalizations and long‐term health impacts with significant morbidity, such as renal scars, hypertension and chronic renal failure, might be the outcomes of recurrent UTI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Frequent hospitalizations and long‐term health impacts with significant morbidity, such as renal scars, hypertension and chronic renal failure, might be the outcomes of recurrent UTI. Symptoms of bladder dysfunction with variable persistence are common in neurologically normal children with recurrent UTI, suggesting that bacteriuria might provoke abnormal detrusor activity, whereas bladder dysfunction further facilitates the occurrence of recurrent UTI . Almost 20% of children who have experienced a recurrent UTI develop new diurnal enuresis …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intravesical hyaluronic acid treatment improves bacterial cystitis and reduces cystitis‐induced hypercontractility in rats

et al. 2015

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Abbreviations & Acronyms CAT = catalase CCh = carbachol GAG = glycosaminoglycans HA = hyaluronic acid HETAB = hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide KCl = potassium chloride MPO = myeloperoxidase SOD = superoxide dismutase UTI = urinary tract infection Objective: To investigate the effect of intravesical hyaluronic acid on Escherichia coli-induced cystitis and cystitis-induced hypercontractility in rats. Methods: Bacterial cystitis was induced in Wistar female rats by intravesical inoculation of E. coli. Isotonic saline was instilled in the control group (n = 6). The rats were either nontreated, treated with gentamycin (4 mg/kg, 5 days) or treated intravesically with hyaluronic acid (0.5 mL, 0.5%). On the eighth day, the bladder tissues were excised for histological examination, and the measurements of myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Contraction/relaxation responses to carbachol, isoprotrenol and papaverine were studied. Results: Tissue myeloperoxidase activity was increased, but superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were decreased in bacterial cystitis, while hyaluronic acid treatment reversed these changes. In the hyaluronic acid-treated group, healing of the uroepithelium was observed, while decreased inflammatory cell infiltration was obvious in gentamycintreated group. E. coli-induced cystitis in all rats resulted in increased contraction responses to carbachol compared with controls (P < 0.01). Treatment with hyaluronic acid, but not gentamycin, significantly (P < 0.05) depressed hypercontractility at maximum carbachol concentrations. In all rats with cystitis, papaverine-induced relaxation was increased, whereas isoproterenol-induced relaxation curves were not different between the studied groups. Conclusion: Gentamycin treatment, despite its ameliorative effect on inflammation, had no impact on the contractile dysfunction of the injured bladder. Intravesical hyaluronic acid, in addition to its supportive role in the healing of the epithelium, seems to lower the increased threshold for contraction and to reduce oxidative stress. These findings support a potential role for hyaluronic acid in the treatment of bacterial cystitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intravesical hyaluronic acid treatment improves bacterial cystitis and reduces cystitis‐induced hypercontractility in rats

et al. 2015

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“…This underscores the critical importance of prompt intervention to prevent long-term complications arising from UTIs in the pediatric population. 7,8 The typical diagnostic approach for UTI relies on quantitative urine culture. In addition to this, urinalysis involves a microscopic examination of urine for leukocytes and bacteria, a dipstick test for urinary leukocyte esterase, and assessment of https://doi.org/10.29309/TPMJ/2024.31.06.8123 2 urinary nitrite levels, which can aid in supporting the UTI diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiologies of first time urinary tract infection in pediatric population in tertiary care hospital Karachi.

Indra,

Misbah Anjum,

Bilquis Naeem

et al. 2024

TPMJ

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Objective: To determine the etiology of first time urinary tract infection (UTI) among children presenting at a tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Pediatrics, National Institute of Child Health, Karachi. Period: December 2022 to May 2023. Methods: Children of either gender, aged between 2 months to 12 years, and having UTI for the first time were analyzed. Medical history was obtained and socio-demographic as well as clinical characteristics were noted. Relevant clinical evaluation, laboratory parameters, ultrasonographic findings and etiological pattern were noted. Results: In a total of 138 children, 84 (60.9%) were girls. The mean age was noted to be 3.42±2.41 years. The mean duration of symptoms was 11.51±4.27 days. The most frequent presenting symptoms were fever, painful micturation, and abdominal pain, reported by 105 (76.1%), 88 (63.8%), and 64 (46.4%), respectively. The most frequent structural renal abnormalities were internal echos in bladder, unilateral mild hydronephrosis, and bilaterial moderate hydronephrosis, noted in 38 (27.5%), 15 (10.9%), and 14 (10.1%) children, respectively. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., and others found in 74 (53.6%), 36 (26.1%), 22 (15.9%), and 6 (4.3%), respectively. Conclusion: The microbial analysis demonstrated a predominant role of Escherichia coli, followed by Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. in causing UTIs for the first time in children.

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Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections

Cited by 2 publications

References 304 publications

Intravesical hyaluronic acid treatment improves bacterial cystitis and reduces cystitis‐induced hypercontractility in rats

Intravesical hyaluronic acid treatment improves bacterial cystitis and reduces cystitis‐induced hypercontractility in rats

Etiologies of first time urinary tract infection in pediatric population in tertiary care hospital Karachi.

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