Pediatric Tracheal Lobular Capillary Hemangioma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Chronic cough is a common complaint in the pediatric population and can have many different etiologies. We present a rare case of a tracheal lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH), also known as pyogenic granuloma, causing chronic cough in a child. In this case, the tracheal LCH was managed successfully with laser ablation. A review of the literature reveals only 2 other reported pediatric cases of tracheal LCH.

Successful management of tracheal lobular capillary hemangioma with arterial embolization followed by electrosurgical snaring via flexible bronchoscopy in an 11-year-old boy: A case report and literature review

“…The treatment experience is relatively limited in children when compared with adults because only four cases reported in the literature. The previously reported interventions for pediatric tracheal LCH include electrocauterization, cryoablation, potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser ablation, and cylindrical resection ( 9 , 10 , 18 , 19 ), while a tracheal LCH utilizing DSA/BAE followed by electrosurgical snaring via flexible bronchoscopy in an 11-year-old boy was successfully removed in the present case. Collectively, although no adequate guidelines were provided and tracheal LCH is amenable to various techniques, the extent and size of the lesion, as well as patient age and comorbidities require consideration prior to any therapeutic intervention for tracheal LCH.…”

“…Based on CT findings, bronchoscopy was indicated and led us to the final diagnosis of tracheal LCH. To the best of our knowledge, only four pediatric cases of tracheal LCH have been reported in the literature (9,10,18,19), further implying the rarity of tracheal LCH in the pediatric population. However, it should be kept in mind for the differential diagnosis of causes of hemoptysis.…”

“…The most frequent causes of hemoptysis are infectious diseases, tuberculosis, malignant tumors, cardiovascular disorders, and other inflammatory diseases. Only one of the five kids with tracheal LCH presented without hemoptysis ( 18 ) or a chronic cough. Qiu et al summarized 12 tracheal LCH cases in the adult population and found that all of them had hemoptysis ( 12 ).…”

“…Despite their benign nature, localized recurrence is common, and thus, surgical debulking or excision remains the mainstay of treatment if symptomatic ( 6 , 12 – 14 ). Although there are a few studies of LCH on mucous membranes ( 2 , 3 , 6 , 11 , 15 – 17 ), tracheal origin for LCH is extremely rare among all primary tracheal tumors, with only four cases of children reported in the literature ( 9 , 10 , 18 , 19 ). Thus, there is limited knowledge about the presentation, behavior, and management of tracheal LCH, which represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in pediatric patients.…”

Tracheal hemangioma in an eight-year-child: case report

“…One reason that symptoms (particularly hemoptysis and chronic cough) occur at that later age, could be the poor potential of growth of hemangioma in the tracheal localization. Thus, low vascularization of the trachea can explain that hemoptysis caused by tracheal hemangioma can occur even in adult age [3,8,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Small recurrent hemoptysis is more frequently reported but massive hemorrhage can complicate tracheal hemangioma in adults [17,18] Chest X-ray findings are generally normal.…”