Pediatric Thoracic MRI

Liszewski, Mark C.; Ciet, Pierluigi; Cicero, Giuseppe; Lee, Edward Y.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23979-4_21

Cited by 3 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…The radiographic findings of classical lobar pneumonia are discussed briefly here. More in-depth discussion and descriptions can be found in other recent textbooks of pediatric radiology [28] and pediatric thoracic imaging [196].…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Childhood Pneumonia With Radiographic Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The alveoli a b then become filled with fluid and inflammatory cells, and the reaction spreads to adjacent alveoli and acini. Peribronchial edema, interstitial thickening, small airway occlusion, and lobar consolidation may all occur [28,196]. Thus, the radiographic pattern of bronchopneumonia may be a composite of the findings seen in interstitial pneumonia and lobar pneumonia.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Childhood Pneumonia With Radiographic Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a patient with a corresponding clinical history, a round mass in the chest should be considered pneumonia; and, in fact, when the illness presents in this way, it is typically called round pneumonia (Fig. 7.47) [28,55,56,196]. Round pneumonia has a predilection for the lower lobes.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Childhood Pneumonia With Radiographic Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Round pneumonia has a predilection for the lower lobes. The most common pathogen of round pneumonia is S. pneumoniae [28,55,56,196]. Occasionally, lung cysts, called pneumatoceles, develop as a result of severe staphylococcal infections, but have also been reported in cases of S. pneumoniae, H. Influenzae, and Escherichia coli.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Childhood Pneumonia With Radiographic Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At best, the level of diagnostic certainty provided by radiological findings is quite high with respect to LRTI [28,196]. Among young children, the most common cause of pneumonia is viral.…”

Section: The Usefulness Of Chest Imaging In Diagnosing and Imaging Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Focal Lung Disorders

Lee

2019

Imaging in Pediatric Pulmonology

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Pulmonary cysts seen on plain chest radiographs as completely or partially air-filled, round masses may be congenital, infectious/inflammatory, traumatic, or neoplastic in origin. The differential diagnosis can be refined based on the age of the patient (neonate and young infant vs. child) and distribution within the lungs (unilateral vs. bilateral), as well as the clinical presentation and the presence of other findings such as nodules or wedge-shaped opacities.In neonates or young infants, unilateral findings most often represent bronchopulmonary foregut malformations, while bilateral involvement suggests chronic lung disease of prematurity (Table 7.1). Young children most commonly present with symptoms of infection with or without an underlying congenital anomaly. A solitary lesion suggests a congenital anomaly or bacterial infection in a previously healthy child. If findings are bilateral, a systemic disease should be considered. Langerhans histiocytosis and cystic fibrosis (CF) are bilateral upper lung zone predominant diseases early on, while septic emboli involve the lower lobes preferentially. The presence of nodules and cysts suggests conditions such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (previously known as Wegener granulomatosis), cystic fibrosis, and papillomatosis. The presence of wedge-shaped opacities suggests a vascular etiology as in granulomatosis with polyangiitis or septic emboli (Table 7.2).

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Section: Pathophysiology Of Childhood Pneumonia With Radiographic Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathophysiology Of Childhood Pneumonia With Radiographic Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathophysiology Of Childhood Pneumonia With Radiographic Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathophysiology Of Childhood Pneumonia With Radiographic Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Usefulness Of Chest Imaging In Diagnosing and Imaging Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Focal Lung Disorders

Lee

2019

Imaging in Pediatric Pulmonology

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Neonatal and Infant Lung Disorders

Yoon,

Concepcion,

DiPrete

et al. 2023

Journal of Thoracic Imaging

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A multitude of lung disorders ranging from congenital and genetic anomalies to iatrogenic complications can affect the neonate or the infant within the first year of life. Neonatal and infant chest imaging, predominantly by plain radiography and computed tomography, is frequently employed to aid in diagnosis and management; however, these disorders can be challenging to differentiate due to their broad-ranging, and frequently overlapping radiographic features. A systematic and practical approach to imaging interpretation which includes recognition of radiologic patterns, utilization of commonly accepted nomenclature and classification, as well as interpretation of imaging findings in conjunction with clinical history can not only assist radiologists to suggest the diagnosis, but also aid clinicians in management planning. The contents of this article were endorsed by the leadership of both the World Federation of Pediatric Imaging (WFPI), and the International Society of Pediatric Thoracic Imaging (ISPTI).

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Lung and Pleural Findings of Children with Pulmonary Vein Stenosis with and without Aspiration: MDCT Evaluation

et al. 2022

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Purpose: To retrospectively compare the lung and pleural findings in children with pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) with and without aspiration on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Materials and Methods: All consecutive children (≤18 years old) with PVS who underwent thoracic MDCT studies from August 2004 to December 2021 were categorized into two groups: children with PVS with aspiration (Group 1) and children with PVS without aspiration (Group 2). Two independent pediatric radiologists retrospectively evaluated thoracic MDCT studies for the presence of lung and pleural abnormalities as follows: (1) in the lung (ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation, nodule, mass, cyst(s), interlobular septal thickening, and fibrosis) and (2) in the pleura (thickening, effusion, and pneumothorax). Interobserver agreement between the two reviewers was evaluated by the proportion of agreement and the Kappa statistic. Results: The final study population consisted of 64 pediatric patients (36 males (56.3%) and 43 females (43.7%); mean age, 1.7 years; range, 1 day–17 years). Among these 64 patients, 19 patients (29.7%) comprised Group 1 and the remaining 45 patients (70.3%) comprised Group 2. In Group 1 (children with PVS with aspiration), the detected lung and pleural MDCT abnormalities were: GGO (17/19; 89.5%), pleural thickening (17/19; 89.5%), consolidation (16/19; 84.5%), and septal thickening (16/19; 84.5%). The lung and pleural MDCT abnormalities observed in Group 2 (children with PVS without aspiration) were: GGO (37/45; 82.2%), pleural thickening (37/45; 82.2%), septal thickening (36/45; 80%), consolidation (3/45; 6.7%), pleural effusion (1/45; 2.2%), pneumothorax (1/45; 2.2%), and cyst(s) (1/45; 2.2%). Consolidation was significantly more common in pediatric patients with both PVS and aspiration (Group 1) (p < 0.001). There was high interobserver agreement between the two independent reviewers for detecting lung and pleural abnormalities on thoracic MDCT studies (Kappa = 0.98; CI = 0.958, 0.992). Conclusion: Aspiration is common in pediatric patients with PVS who undergo MDCT and was present in nearly 30% of all children with PVS during our study period. Consolidation is not a typical radiologic finding of PVS in children without clinical evidence of aspiration. When consolidation is present on thoracic MDCT studies in pediatric patients with PVS, the additional diagnosis of concomitant aspiration should be considered.

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Pediatric Thoracic MRI

Cited by 3 publications

References 108 publications

Focal Lung Disorders

Focal Lung Disorders

Neonatal and Infant Lung Disorders

Lung and Pleural Findings of Children with Pulmonary Vein Stenosis with and without Aspiration: MDCT Evaluation

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