Background: Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital genital anomalies for which surgery early in life is indicated. Surgeons practicing in Rural Hospitals with limited resources are faced with numerable challenges.Aims: Evaluate current practices regarding a variety of aspects of hypospadias surgery amongst paediatric surgeons at Rural Hospitals.Materials and Methods: Pediatric surgeons from Rural & District Hospitals in Maharashtra were invited to participate in an anonymous online questionnaire (Hypospadias Questionnaire). General demographic data, number of cases operated per year, preferred technique in the correction of hypospadias, outcomes and complications were gathered. The data was analyzed and compared with international practices.Results: 75 surgeons responded to the questionnaire. Only 34.7% do > 20 cases a year. 41.3% do < 20 cases. Most (82.7%) operate at ≤ 2-year age. Only 30% operated at District or Government Health Care facilities. Majority (70%) operated in private General hospitals and Nursing Homes. Tabularized incised plate (TIP) is the preferred technique in distal hypospadias. In proximal hypospadias, two stage-repair is preferred. All use indwelling stents.Complications: Overall, 80% had ≤ 20% complication rates. Coronal urethra-cutaneous fistula was the most common complication.Training: 60% learnt hypospadias during residency; 35.6% learnt it through hypospadias workshops and training courses.
Conclusion:Hypospadias can be successfully managed in resource-limited settings; the single most limiting factor is the professional skill of the surgeon. There is an urgent need to extend pediatric surgical services to our rural government and district hospitals. COPS-IAPS is a step in this direction. This study contains data based on personal experience. Future research must focus on prospective controlled trials.