Pediatric Stroke: Overview and Recent Updates

Hollist, Mary; Au, Katherine; Morgan, Larry; Shetty, Padmashri A; Rane, Riddhi; Hollist, Abraham; Amaniampong, Angela; Kirmani, Batool F.

doi:10.14336/ad.2021.0219

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…Accordingly, chronic seizure models are more appropriate for identifying promising anticonvulsive compounds [ 138 ]. Furthermore, seizure may manifest as a secondary symptom of cerebrovascular diseases, such as cerebral venous thrombosis [ 139 ] and neonatal stroke [ 140 ], or some neurodevelopmental diseases, such as CDKL5 deficiency disorder [ 141 ]. In these diseases, seizure may cause severe consequences and even threaten life, despite the existence of other symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models of Epilepsy: A Phenotype-oriented Review

Wang¹,

Wei²,

Feng³

et al. 2022

Aging and disease

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Epilepsy is a serious neurological disorder characterized by abnormal, recurrent, and synchronous discharges in the brain. Long-term recurrent seizure attacks can cause serious damage to brain function, which is usually observed in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Controlling seizure attacks is vital for the treatment and prognosis of epilepsy. Animal models, such as the kindling model, which was the most widely used model in the past, allow the understanding of the potential epileptogenic mechanisms and selection of antiepileptic drugs. In recent years, various animal models of epilepsy have been established to mimic different seizure types, without clear merits and demerits. Accordingly, this review provides a summary of the views mentioned above, aiming to provide a reference for animal model selection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models of Epilepsy: A Phenotype-oriented Review

Wang¹,

Wei²,

Feng³

et al. 2022

Aging and disease

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“…This autosomal dominant disorder is caused by mutations in the COL3A1 gene (type III collagen). It is mainly associated with vascular complications, including aneurysms, carotid-cavernous fistulae, and cervical artery dissection [49]. Type III collagen is abundant in arterial walls, as well as the walls of the digestive tract, so mutations in COL3A1 cause fragility in these tissues and their predisposition to spontaneous rupture [50].…”

Section: Autosomal Dominant Inheritancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetic Basis of Strokes in Pediatric Populations and Insight into New Therapeutic Options

Janković

Petrović²,

Novaković

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Strokes within pediatric populations are considered to be the 10th leading cause of death in the United States of America, with over half of such events occurring in children younger than one year of life. The multifactorial etiopathology that has an influence on stroke development and occurrence signify the importance of the timely recognition of both modifiable and non-modifiable factors for adequate diagnostic and treatment approaches. The early recognition of a stroke and stroke risk in children has the potential to advance the application of neuroprotective, thrombolytic, and antithrombotic interventions and rehabilitation strategies to the earliest possible timepoints after the onset of a stroke, improving the outcomes and quality of life for affected children and their families. The recent development of molecular genetic methods has greatly facilitated the analysis and diagnosis of single-gene disorders. In this review, the most significant single gene disorders associated with pediatric stroke are presented, along with specific therapeutic options whenever they exist. Besides monogenic disorders that may present with stroke as a first symptom, genetic polymorphisms may contribute to the risk of pediatric and perinatal stroke. The most frequently studied genetic risk factors are several common polymorphisms in genes associated with thrombophilia; these genes code for proteins that are part of the coagulation cascade, fibrolysis, homocystein metabolism, lipid metabolism, or platelets. Single polymorphism frequencies may not be sufficient to completely explain the stroke causality and an analysis of several genotype combinations is a more promising approach. The recent steps forward in our understanding of the disorders underlying strokes has given us a next generation of therapeutics and therapeutic targets by which to improve stroke survival, protect or rebuild neuronal connections in the brain, and enhance neural function. Advances in DNA sequencing and the development of new tools to correct human gene mutations have brought genetic analysis and gene therapy into the focus of investigations for new therapeutic options for stroke patients.

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“…Strokespecific mortality is estimated to be around 5% while families of stroked children suffer from grave psychological and economic issues. 6 Early diagnosis and management are very crucial as the prognosis is directly dependent on it. Keeping in mind, a slogan "TIME IS BRAIN" is floated regarding time management in this medical emergency of stroke.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiological Risk Factors Profile of Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Children at A Tertiary Care Children's Hospital

Anjum¹,

Yousaf²,

Rehman³

et al. 2022

PJMHS

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Objective: To determine the etiological risk factors of arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in children. Study Design: An observational cohort study. Place and Duration of the Study: Neurology department of “The Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan”, from January 2020 to December 2020. Methods: Children in the age group from one month of age to 12 years with a history of acute onset of focal neurological deficit of upper motor nerve and positive findings on neuroimaging were included in the study. The workup included baseline lab testing, neuroimaging, cardiac evaluation, and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) laboratory testing. We used predesigned proforma for recording the patient's details and the possible etiology of the stroke. Results: In a total of 84 children, 28 (33.3%) were male and 56 (66.7%) were female. Age ranged from 4 months to 11 years with a mean age of 3.4±2.2 years. Etiological risk factors identified in 62 (73.8%) patients and were remained undetermined in 22 (26.2%) patients. The risk factors identified were central nervous system infection arteriopathy in 22 (26.2%), iron deficiency anemia 20 (23.8%), cardiac disorders 11 (13.1%), moyamoya disease in 5 (6.0%), and mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes in 4 (4.8%) patients. Practical Implications: It is essential to know the etiology of risk factors responsible for AIS as the management and prognosis are directly influenced by them. Conclusion: Infection-associated arteriopathy was the most common etiological risk factor for arterial ischemic stroke in our study population. Keywords: Anemia, arterial ischemic stroke, central nervous system, moamoya

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Pediatric Stroke: Overview and Recent Updates

Cited by 27 publications

References 63 publications

Animal Models of Epilepsy: A Phenotype-oriented Review

Animal Models of Epilepsy: A Phenotype-oriented Review

The Genetic Basis of Strokes in Pediatric Populations and Insight into New Therapeutic Options

Etiological Risk Factors Profile of Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Children at A Tertiary Care Children's Hospital

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