Pediatric spinal bone marrow: Assessment of normal age-related changes in the MRI appearance

Sebag, G.; Dubois, J.; Tabet, Michael R.; Bonato, A.; Lallemand, D

doi:10.1007/bf02012134

Cited by 43 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Thus, red marrow persists throughout childhood and adolescence in the vertebral column, the thorax, and the pelvis. In the spine, the literature states that on T1-weighted images the SI of the vertebral bodies relative to that of the intervertebral disk is generally hypointense before 1 year of age, isointense between 1 and 5 years, and hyperintense after 5 years (7,9). In our experience, this conversion seems to occur somewhat earlier in many children ( Fig 6).…”

Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 51%

MR Imaging Insights into Skeletal Maturation: What Is Normal?

Laor¹,

Jaramillo²

2009

Radiology

233

130

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Skeletal growth and maturation in children is a dynamic process that can be documented with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. There are predictable normal developmental changes that must be differentiated from pathologic processes. This review discusses the histologic structure and MR imaging appearance of normal development-related changes of the musculoskeletal system in children, including those that may be mistaken for abnormalities.

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Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 51%

MR Imaging Insights into Skeletal Maturation: What Is Normal?

Laor¹,

Jaramillo²

2009

Radiology

233

130

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“…Because magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been established as the most effective non-invasive technique for investigating bone marrow (Jones, 1992;Steiner et al, 1993), a number of studies have been made to determine age-related changes (i.e., conversion of red marrow, which is hematopoietically active, to yellow marrow, which is hematopoietically inactive) in normal bone marrow in different anatomic locations of the body (Dooms et al, 1985;Okada et al, 1989;Moore and Dawson, 1990;Dawson et al, 1992;Sebag et al, 1993;Zawin and Jaramillo, 1993). MR imaging is capable of detecting red-to-yellow marrow conversion and vice versa (reconversion), as well as of displaying disease conditions involving bone marrow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of qualitative and quantitative analyses of age‐related changes in clivus bone marrow on MR imaging

et al. 2003

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Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is capable of detecting a wide spectrum of diseases involving clivus bone marrow. To evaluate any pathology in this region, the normal MR signal intensity patterns according to age should be known. Assessment of clivus bone marrow is usually and more efficiently made visually (qualitatively) on routine MR imaging. To compare the qualitative and quantitative analyses of age-related changes in clivus bone marrow on MR imaging, midsagittal T1-weighted MR images of the clivus bone marrow were prospectively evaluated in 201 subjects. MR signal intensity patterns of clivus bone marrow were qualitatively graded from I to III according to the proportions of low and high signal intensity areas within the clivus (Grade I: predominantly hypointense, Grade III: predominantly hyperintense). Signal intensity measurements were also made from the clivus, pons, and the cerebrospinal fluid within the fourth ventricle. Grade I pattern was observed in 92% of the subjects in the first decade, whereas Grade III pattern was not seen in this decade; Grade I pattern was absent in all but one of the subjects over the age of 50. Mean values of clivus/pons and clivus/CSF signal intensity measurements gradually increased with age in both males and females. Comparison of these ratios in each gender showed statistically significant higher values for males (P < 0.05). Comparison of the qualitative and quantitative results showed that calculated mean values of intensity ratios for each grade were different from each other; however, there was an overlap of the ranges of signal intensity ratios for Grades II and III. Visual evaluation of the clivus bone marrow MR signal is validated with the quantitative assessment results. Statistically significant higher intensity ratios in males may reflect a difference between gender in the bone mineral content under the influence of sex hormones.

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“…In the current study, this red bone marrow was the leading cause of false-positive diagnosis of bone metastasis. As the composition of bone marrow changes with age, the cellular red bone marrow is replaced by fatty yellow bone marrow [21,22]. While the hematopoietic marrow consists of hematopoietic cells (60%) and fat cells (40%), yellow bone marrow entirely consists of fat cells (95%) [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone Abnormal Signal Incidentally Found in Pre-Biopsy Diffusion-Weighted MRI for Suspected Prostate Cancer: What Does It Reflect?

Yachida

Yoshida²,

Takeshita³

et al. 2014

Urol Int

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Objective: To clarify the clinical significance of incidentally found diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI)-positive findings on pre-biopsy MRI in patients with suspected prostate cancer. Patients and Methods: 754 consecutive patients with suspected prostate cancer underwent pelvic MRI including DW-MRI. 43 DW-MRI-positive bone lesions were found in 27 patients. Imaging findings of these lesions were compared with the clinical diagnosis. Results: Of the 43 DW-MRI-positive bone lesions, 21 (48.8%) were diagnosed as metastatic prostate cancer. The remaining 22 (51.2%) were diagnosed as red bone marrow in 17, enchondroma in 1, ganglion in 1, osteoma in 1, fibrous dysplasia in 1 and bone infarction in 1. Enchondroma, ganglion, osteoma and fibrous dysplasia all showed T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) low and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) high signals, while others, including prostate cancer metastases, showed T1WI and T2WI low signals. Of the 40 lesions with T1WI and T2WI low signals, metastatic prostate cancer had higher apparent diffusion coefficient values (median 0.42 × 10^-3 mm²/s) than other lesions (0.26 × 10^-3 mm²/s; p < 0.0001). Conclusions: DW-MRI-positive bone lesions represent various coexisting types of bone lesions, including metastatic cancer in patients with suspected prostate cancer. T2WI findings and apparent diffusion coefficient values can be helpful in diagnosing metastatic cancer.

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Pediatric spinal bone marrow: Assessment of normal age-related changes in the MRI appearance

Cited by 43 publications

References 12 publications

MR Imaging Insights into Skeletal Maturation: What Is Normal?

MR Imaging Insights into Skeletal Maturation: What Is Normal?

Comparison of qualitative and quantitative analyses of age‐related changes in clivus bone marrow on MR imaging

Bone Abnormal Signal Incidentally Found in Pre-Biopsy Diffusion-Weighted MRI for Suspected Prostate Cancer: What Does It Reflect?

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